Taxonomy Vocabulary taxonomygenus binomial nomenclatu re protista speciesdomainkingdom fungi phylumclassorder plantae familyribosome biological species animalia hybridphylogenycladistics methanogen s ancestral characters derived characters cladogram extremophile s (thermophile s & halophiles) phylogenet ic tree bacteriaarchaea dichotomous key eukaryaeubacteriaarchaeabact eria multicellular & unicellular bacillicocci spirillacapsid bacteriopha ge lytic cycle lysogenic cycle host cell prophageretrovirus viroidprion virusvaccine antibiotics

The science of naming and classifying organisms Taxonomy

Taxonomy cont… Carolus Linnaeus = Swedish biologist who developed a system for naming and classifying organisms in the 1750’s. Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, which is a two word system for naming organisms. ? Can you think of any examples of things having 2 names?

Importance of Scientific Names The scientific name of an organism gives biologists a common way of communicating, regardless of their native language. One species may have many common names, and one common name may be used for more than one species.

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Classification Scheme Domain—all organisms Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species—one type of organism

Classification Scheme Domain Does Kingdom King PhylumPhilip ClassCall OrderOut FamilyFor GenusGrape Speciessoda How do I remember this?

How does this picture illustrate binomial nomenclature? ?

Classification Scheme Domain—all organisms Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species—one type of organism

Which level is most specific? ?

Scientific Names Rules: –The first name is always the genus –The second name is always the species. –The first letter of the genus is always capitalized –The first letter of the species is always lower case. –Italicized or underlined. –Written in Latin. – Homo sapiens People

Humans Kingdom Animalia PhylumChordate ClassMammalia OrderPrimates FamilyHomidae GenusHomo Speciessapien

Bonobo Kingdom Animalia PhylumChordate ClassMammalia OrderPrimates FamilyPongidae GenusPan Speciespaniscus

House Cat Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordate Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Felis Species domesticus

Lion Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordate Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Panthera (Felis) Species leo

Housefly Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insect Order Diptera Family Muscidae Genus Musca Species domestica

Scientific NameCommon Name Felis pardalisOcelot Panthera oncaJaguar Felis yaguarondiJaguarundi Lynx rufusBobcat According to the chart, the 2 cats that are most closely related are the a.jaguar and the ocelotc.jaguarundi and bobcat b.jaguar and the bobcatd.ocelot and jaguarundi

Which of the following are most closely related to one another? a.Order D and order Ec.Genus I and Genus J b.Order U and Order Vd.Family W and Family X ?

Dichotomous Key Method used for classifying an unknown organisms Contains pairs of contrasting descriptions After each description, the user will be directed to another pair of descriptions The organism will be identified by the contrasting descriptions

1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton ………….go to step 2 –b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton ……..go to step 3 2. a. body has a round shape …………………………ladybug –b. body has an elongated shape ……………..grasshopper 3. a. wings point out from the side of the body …….dragonfly –b. wings point to the back of the body ……………housefly Identify each of the following organisms: ?

1a Has vertebraePhylum Chordata 1b Has no vertebraeGo to 2 2a Has 3 or more body segmentsGo to 3 2b Has 2 or fewer body segmentsGo to 4 3a Has 1 or more pairs of walking legs per segmentClass Chilopoda or Diplopoda 3b Has 3 pairs of walking legsClass Insecta 4a Has antennaClass Crustacea 4b Has no antennaClass Arachnida According to the information in the dichotomous key, Organism A is most likely classified in Class – a.Diplopodac.Crustacea b.Insectad.Arachnida ? What about B?? How is it classified? ?