The History of Classification. Essential Questions: What are the similarities and differences between Aristotle’s & Linnaeus’s classification systems?

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Presentation transcript:

The History of Classification

Essential Questions: What are the similarities and differences between Aristotle’s & Linnaeus’s classification systems? Using Binomial Nomenclature, how are scientific names written? What are the categories used in biological classification?

What is classification? Classification is the grouping of living organisms according to similar structures and functions.

Early Systems of Classification Aristotle Grouped organisms as either plants or animals “Red-blooded” or “bloodless” Further grouped by habitats & morphology (basic structure)

Early Systems of Classification Problems with his system: Frogs live in both water and on land Bats, birds and flying insects were grouped together

Early Systems of Classification Carolus von Linnaeus Two-word naming system Genus - Noun, Capitalized, Underlined or Italicized Species - Descriptive, Lower Case, Underlined or Italicized

Linnaeus’s System Binomial Nomenclature Two name system - 1 st name : Genus – Closely Related species - 2 nd name : Species – Specific Name (Epithet) Ex. Homo saipan “Wise Man” Ex. Canis lupus

Modern Classification System Based off Carolus Linnaeus’s System Consists of 7 levels:

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

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Binomial Nomenclature Rules The first letter of the genus is ALWAYS capitalized The first letter of the species is NEVER capitalized Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined

Grouping of Organisms Organisms are grouped together on the basis of: Similarity in structure Felis domesticus Felis rufusPanthera leo

Grouping of Organisms Organisms are grouped together on the basis of: Similarity in structure Canis Domesticus Canis latrans Canis lupus

Grouping of Organisms Additional methods of grouping… Behavior Similar Embryology Close Evolutionary Relationships

Methods of Grouping Cladogram Shows evolutionary relationships

Methods of Grouping Taxonomic Key (Dichotomous Key) paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

Taxonomic Key (Dichotomous Key) 1a Fruits occur singly Go to 3 1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more Go to 2 2a Fruits are round Grapes 2b Fruits are elongate Bananas 3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh Oranges 3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh Go to 4 4a More than one seed per fruit Apples 4b One seed per fruit Go to 5 5a Skin covered with velvety hairs Peaches 5b Skin smooth, without hairs Plums