Phytoplankton Anabaena (filamentous blue-green) Asterionella

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Presentation transcript:

Phytoplankton Anabaena (filamentous blue-green) Asterionella (colonial diatom) Scenedesmus (colonial green)

Metaphyton columns

Dominant Genera of Metaphyton Cladophora Oedogonium Rhizoclonium Spirogyra Hydrodictyon Lyngbya

Metaphyton and Nutrients Filaments originate on the bottom under conditions of low light and high nutrients. They end up at the surface, faced with high light and lower nutrients. The metaphyton may act as “nutrient pumps”, transporting nutrients from the sediments to the water column.

Attached Algae (Periphyton) A microscopic forest

Attached Algae (Periphyton) A 3-dimensional “forest”, with ground cover, a shrub layer and canopy species Light normally comes from above Nutrients come from either the water column or substrate

Filamentous green alga with epiphytic diatoms

Centric Diatoms Girdle Cyclotella (valve view) Melosira (girdle view)

Pennate Diatoms Gomphonema (stalked) Epithemia (adnate)

Algae biomass reflects local conditions

Effects of Nutrient Enrichment on Algal Growth Increased overall growth A few species become very abundant Rarer species may disappear The 3-dimensional structure of the community changes (filaments become increasingly dominant)

What happens when there’s too much algal growth in a pond or stream?

Chlorine – Used to disinfect Chlorine – Used to disinfect. When found as free chlorine, can be a sign of tap water or sewage leak. Alkalinity – Amount of carbonate (CO32-) in the water. Can be a measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize acids. Total Hardness - Hard water has a high mineral content (in contrast with soft water). Hard water minerals primarily consist of calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) and bicarbonates and sulfates (CaMg(CO3)2).

Nitrogen Compounds Ammonia Nitrite Nitrates Ammonia – Can be formed from rotting things or urine. Can be taken up by plants. Nitrite - NO2− Not very stable, changes quickly to nitrates Nitrate - NO3− A form of Nitrogen that is usable for plants and animals.

Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen analysis measures the amount of gaseous oxygen (O2) in in the water. Oxygen gets into water by diffusion from the surrounding air, by aeration (rapid movement), and as a product of photosynthesis.