A Union in Peril Causes of the Civil War. Westward Expansion and Slavery Expansion continually raised slavery issue.

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Presentation transcript:

A Union in Peril Causes of the Civil War

Westward Expansion and Slavery Expansion continually raised slavery issue

Balance of Power 1820 In 1818 IL admitted as a free state--(11 free vs. 10 slave) Alabama (AL) admitted as a slave state--- (11 free vs. 11 slave) 1820 Missouri (MO) applied for statehood Balance of power debated

Missouri Compromise of 1820 Henry Clay Maine (ME) entered as free Missouri (MO) entered as slave---(12 free vs. 12 slave) Louisiana Territory split in half (36 / 30’) North of line = free (except MO) South of line = slave

Nat Turner’s Rebellion Slave Preacher Virginia (VA) Eclipse = sign from God 80 followers Attacked 4 plantations and killed about 60 whites Slaves were captured/tried/ hanged 200 slaves killed after

Wilmot Proviso Mexico Am. War 1846 New land from Mex. – Free or Slave? Ban slavery in any land won from Mexico? Debated in Congress Never passed

Conflicts California (CA) applied for statehood Wash. DC was a major slave market Runaway slaves Slave states spoke of secession

Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay The slave trade (not slavery) abolished in DC California (CA) admitted as free---(16 free vs. 15 slave) Popular sovereignty used to decide slave issue in New Mexico (NM) and Utah (UT) Popular sovereignty = people who live in the state will vote/decide Fugitive Slave Act – all citizens required to return runaways

Abolition Movement William Lloyd Garrison Created a Newspaper - The Liberator

Fredrick Douglass Runaway slave Educated Lecturer Newspaper -The North Star

Harriet Beecher Stowe Book – Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852

Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 Stephen Douglass Kansas Nebraska Territory to divide into 2 Popular sovereignty to be used to decide Repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820

Bleeding Kansas Northerners and Southerners race to Kansas (KS) Some legitimate settlers, many “settlers” Rival governments set up Proslavery – Lecompton, KS Anti-slavery – Topeka Violence, riots, small scale civil war

Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown Extreme abolitionist May 1856 Pottawatomie, KS Attacks 5 sleeping proslavery men Chops off hands and kills Results Triggers more violence Further worsens N./S. relations

Violence in the Senate May 19th 1856 Charles Sumner gave speech “The Crime Against Kansas” 2 days long Attacked slavery Abusive remarks toward Andrew Butler (SC) Made fun of his speech

May 22nd 1856 Preston S. Brooks (Butler’s nephew) Walks into the Senate Beat Sumner over the head with cane Sumner seriously injured (brain damage) Returns to Senate 3 years later Result South applaud actions North denounce Further worsens relations

Dred Scott Decision Background Dred Scott, slave 1834, taken by owner to live in IL and WI for 4 yrs. Later owner and Scott moved back to Missouri (MO) Owner died

The Case 1854 Scott files suit Argument - Owner took him north of Missouri Compromise line for 4 years... - He should be a free man The Ruling 1857 African Americans are not citizens... Have no rights/privileges The Missouri Compromise of 1820 is unconstitutional

Result Worsened N/S relations Greatly expanded reach of slavery

Harpers Ferry The Plan Harpers Ferry, Virginia (VA) John Brown--21 men Take weapons from federal arsenal and give them to slaves Begins slave rebellion

The Results Does not work No slaves join Brown captured/tried/hanged South celebrates North mourns, Brown becomes a martyr

Election of 1860 Lincoln (Republican) Pledged would halt the spread of slavery... BUT not interfere with slavery in the South His name did not appear on most southern ballots

The Results Won no southern states Won all free states Lincoln only won 40% of the popular vote Won enough electoral votes to win

Southern Secession Many fear the end of slavery Felt lost voice in gov’t SC leads the way Secedes Dec. 20th 1860 Soon after: MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX Mass gov’t resignations in D.C.

Secession February 1861 southern delegates write a new constitution Form the Confederate States of America (CSA) Elect Jefferson Davis President Lincoln did not even swear in until March!!!

Lincoln’s Dilemma Confederate soldiers began seizing gov’t buildings/forts in the south.

Fort Sumter April 12th, 1861 Confederates attempt to seize Fort Sumter (SC) Shots fired The war begins!

Civil War Begins!!!