Do Now… page 10 1.Use the following words in a sentence or two: a)Hormone / target cells / receptor / shape 2.What are the main male and female reproductive hormones? 3.Where are sperm produced? 4.Where are eggs produced?

Covered So Far DNA & Genes Reproduction Asexual Mitosis Cancer ___________________________________ Sexual Sex Cells Haploid / Diploid Meiosis Crossing Over Variation Gametogenesis Main Ideas Male Reproductive System Organs & Hormones Semen Female Reproductive System Organs & Hormones Menstrual Cycle Reproduction Part III

Male Reproductive System Function :  The male reproductive system is responsible for producing, storing, nourishing and transporting reproductive cells (sperm).

DO NOW 2 - Label the parts of the Male Reproductive System Anatomy : Male Reproductive System

Production of Sperm  Sperm is first made during puberty (about 12 – 14), in the male gonads called the testes.  TWO testes are found in a loose sac called the scrotum which is 2⁰C - 3⁰C cooler than normal body temperature for good sperm production  After sperm are made, they are stored in the epididymis which are coiled tubes on each testis.

Problems : Male Reproductive System What if your vas deferens were cut?  This is called a Vasectomy  Sperm could not leave the body!  Male will be infertile! What if temperature of the scrotum was too warm?  Sperm will not form correctly  Can lead to infertility or reduced fertility  This can happen with Varicose Veins

After sperm are formed and stored  When excited, blood flows into the penis and veins collapse creating an erection. An erection is when the penis becomes rigid (hard).  Mature sperm move into the Vas deferens, which transports the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra by peristalsis.  As sperm move through the vas deferens and urethra there are three glands that add fluid to support the sperm and create semen

DO NOW Write answer on page 13 (blank space) in your note packet 1.Put in order from where sperm start to where they are released: Testes Urethra Vas Deferens Epididymis 2.What male tube or organ has both an excretory and a reproductive function? Urethra Urine & Semen leave through the urethra

Anatomy : Male Reproductive System Semen – milky white fluid that is ejaculated. Consists of sperm and supporting fluids from THREE main glands. 2.Prostate Gland - (about 30%)  Secretes basic fluid that helps sperm move  Contains muscle for support 1.Seminal Vesicle - (about 60% of semen)  Secretes basic fluid to help neutralize the acidity in the urethra and the vagina  Nutrients in secretion for sperm 3.Bulbourethral Gland  Secretes basic fluid and lubricating mucus. Activates sperm

Ejaculation : Male Reproductive System  As sperm moves from the vas deferens to the urethra, collecting fluids to become semen, a muscle closes the bladder to prevent urine and semen mixing  EJACULATION - Muscle contractions (peristalsis) that release semen from the males body  The PENIS helps to deposit sperm in the VAGINA of the female which leads to the female gamete, the egg.

Several hormones contribute to the male reproductive process In addition to sperm, the testes also produce the male hormone Before birth, a male begins to make testosterone which causes the embryo to develop into a male rather than a female. Testosterone levels are low until puberty Testosterone Hormones : Male Reproductive System

At puberty, testosterone levels rise. What effect does this have on a male? 1. Testosterone: Influencing the development of secondary male characteristics Maintains reproductive tract Promotes sperm production Influences sex drive & behavior Secondary male characteristics: broad shoulders, deep voice, facial hair, larger muscles, increased bone density, sperm production,

2. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)  Promotes / initiates sperm production  Pituitary gland 3. Luteinizing hormone (LH)  Assists spermatogenesis and initiates production of testosterone  Pituitary gland 4. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)  Secreted by hypothalamus gland  Causes pituitary to release FSH and LH Hormones : Male Reproductive System

Levels of Testosterone Controlled by ___________________ Regulated by GnRH Testosterone decreases in the blood…. GnRH is released and stimulates the pituitary to release LH LH promotes testosterone production Testosterone increases in the blood…. GnRH secretion is shut off so no LH is released No testosterone production NO Negative Feedback Does the body constantly produce testosterone?

DO NOW: page 11 Worksheet - Answer #1, 3, 4, 10, 11 – Male Reproductive System – How well do you know the male reproductive system?

Female Reproductive System Function : 1.The female reproductive system is responsible for producing, storing, nourishing and transporting reproductive cells (eggs). 2.Includes structures to nourish and protect the fetus during pregnancy

Label the parts of the Female Reproductive System

Anatomy : Female Reproductive System Parts & Terms to know Ovaries  Female gonad where egg cells (sex cells) are produced  Produces female sex hormones called estrogen and progesterone  Eggs cells mature in the ovaries in special clusters of cells called follicles.  Ovulation – when egg is mature, the ovary releases the egg cell into the fallopian tubes. Occurs once about every 28 days.

Female Reproductive System Fallopian tubes  Also called the Oviducts (5 inches)  Mature eggs released into fallopian tubes  Egg moves through fallopian tube by peristalsis and tiny hairs called cilia  Fallopian tubes is where FERTILIZATION happens!!  Fertilization – 1 haploid egg and 1 sperm join to make a diploid zygote  Zygote – fertilized egg

Parts & Terms to know Uterus  Also called The Womb  Protects and nourished the fetus during development Female Reproductive System  If fertilization happens – the fertilized egg or zygote attaches to the uterine wall  No fertilization – thickened uterine wall will shed in a process called menstruation

Parts & Terms to know Vagina  Receives the penis and semen  This is where the developed fetus will exit the female body. This is known as birth. Female Reproductive System

DO NOW 11 Worksheet - Answer # 1, 2, 5, 6 – Female Reproductive System – How well do you know the Female reproductive system?

Menstrual Cycle – NO fertilization

Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle:  In the human female, a mature egg develops and leaves one of the ovaries about every 28 days known as ovulation  During ovulation, the walls of the uterus have thickened with a rich supply of blood vessels and is prepared to accept a fertilized egg for development.  If the egg is not fertilized, the built-up portion of the uterine wall breaks down along with the unfertilized egg and passes out of the body through the vagina. This process is known as Menstruation

Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle:  Begins at puberty around age 12  Temporarily stops during pregnancy  Permanently stops around the age of 45. This is known as menopauses Menstrual cycle is controlled by interactions of 4 hormones 1.FSH 2.LH 3.Estrogen 4.Progesterone

Menstrual Cycle Menstruation is divided into 4 stages using these hormones: 1.Follicle stage 2.Ovulation stage 3.Corpus luteum stage 4.Menstruation stage

1.Follicle Stage  FSH and Estrogen levels increase in the body

1.Follicle Stage (Day 1- 13) FSH  Follicle Stimulating Hormone; secreted by the pituitary gland  Stimulates the development of an egg in a follicle in the ovary called Oogenesis

1.Follicle Stage (Day 1 -13) Estrogen As the egg matures / develops, ESTROGEN is secreted by the ovaries. Estrogen causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and become rich in blood vessels

2.Ovulation (Day 14)  High levels of Estrogen causes a decrease in FSH secretion  Pituitary gland now secretes Luteinizing hormone (LH) which causes ovulation  Ovulation – when the egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube

3.Corpus Luteum (Day 15-27)  After ovulation, cells fill the empty follicle to form a yellow body called the corpus luteum.  Corpus luteum – secretes the hormone progesterone.  Progesterone - maintains/keeps the thickened uterine lining and prevents development of new follicles in the ovaries

4.Menstruation(Day 28) If fertilization does not occur:  The Corpus luteum breaks down causing Progesterone levels to decrease  Menstruation - decreased progesterone causes thickened uterine walls to break down and shed out the vagina along with unfertilized egg  Last about 4 days

Label the hormones Why is progesterone high during the Corpus Luteum stage?

DO NOW 66 Lets label and describe the menstruation diagram

DO NOW Worksheet – Answer #1, 2, 3, 9-13 – Menstruation – How well do you know the Menstruation?

DO NOW 101 Label the diagram (except #6)

DO NOW 99 Complete the graphic organizer on the female reproductive system

DO NOW