W O R L D W A R I “The Great War” “The War to End all Wars”

“The Great War” in Europe The war in the Atlantic Germany U-boats attack ships carrying armaments to the Allied Powers

“The Great War” in Europe The United States N E U T R A L I T Y

“The Great War” in Europe The impact on the United States German submarines sinking ships and economic ties to Great Britain brought closer to Allies

“The Great War” in Europe The impact on the United States British propaganda was intended to persuade Americans to support the Allies

“The Great War” in Europe Breaking the Stalemate in 1917 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany announces UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE

“The Great War” in Europe The ZIMMERMAN NOTE German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman proposes a Mexican invasion of the United States

“The Great War” in Europe The ZIMMERMAN NOTE Why would Germany propose an alliance with Mexico and a Mexican invasion of the United States?

“The Great War” in Europe The United States Declares War President Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany.

“The Great War” in Europe President Wilson’s Declaration of War German submarine warfare was warfare against all humanity. United States “no selfish ends” –Not after more territories. United States would be a champion of democracy. –“Make the World Safe for Democracy.”

America Joins the Allies

American Expeditionary Force General John J. “Black Jack” Pershing commanded the AEF

The “War to End All Wars.” Wilson’s 14 Points Statement of United State war aims. Purpose to create a world without war. –Freedom of the seas –No secret treaties or agreements between nations –Allowing for SELF- DETERMINATION Anti-imperialismAnti-imperialism –Creation of a LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Wednesday, April 18, 2012 Name three new weapons used during World War I. –Tanks, machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, u-boats, flame-throwers, heavy artillery How did Germany attempt to keep the United States out of the war in Europe? –The Zimmerman Telegram urging Mexico to invade the United States. What document outlined United States’ goals in the war? –The 14 Points from President Woodrow Wilson What is ‘Self-Determination?’ –Principle that people have the right to chose who will govern them and how they will be governed Who was the commander of the AEF? –General John J. “Black Jack” Pershing

The United States Helps Win The War America’s entry into the war broke the deadlock in Europe American soldiers were known as “doughboys.”American soldiers were known as “doughboys.” The American Expeditionary Force began arriving in Europe under the command of General Pershing.The American Expeditionary Force began arriving in Europe under the command of General Pershing. African American soldiers were forced to fight in segregated units.African American soldiers were forced to fight in segregated units.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive Final Allied offensive of the war. –September 26-November 11, 1918 Lead by American and French forces. –General Pershing and AEF Ended with German surrender. –Armistice

The Last Kaiser Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates the German throne on November 9. On November 10, Kaiser Wilhelm flees to Norway.

A R M I S T I C E Armistice is defined as a temporary end to the fighting. Germany agrees to end the fighting and make peace.

German Surrender Germany agrees to end war and make peace, a peace based on Wilson’s 14 Points.

11 am, November 11, 1918 The eleventh hour, of the eleventh day, of the eleventh month (November).The eleventh hour, of the eleventh day, of the eleventh month (November). The fighting in World War I ends.

Soldiers on both sides put down their weapons and celebrate an end to the fighting.

The Paris Peace Conference (1919) Allied leaders Woodrow Wilson (US), David Lloyd George (Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France) met in Paris to negotiate the peace. –Wilson’s objective was the 14 Points –Britain and France wanted revenge and to punish Germany.

TREATY of VERSAILLES (1919) Germany lost western territory to France Germany lost territory to create the nation of Poland. MANDATESGermany lost all of its overseas territories to Britain and France as MANDATES. Germany forced to sign a ‘war-guilt’ clause reparationsGermany forced to pay $33 billion in reparations (payments for damages) to the Allies. Germany punished for the war.

TREATY of VERSAILLES (1919) Austria-Hungary dissolved and became only Austria. The Ottoman Empire lost its territories in the middle east. Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were created in Europe. Serbia’s boundaries were readjusted.

TREATY of VERSAILLES (1919) The League of Nations –From Wilson’s 14 Points –International Organization –principal mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

The League of Nations principal mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. Established 1920

America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations The United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. The reason for rejection was the belief that being a part of the League of Nations would force America into European wars.

What is the message of this cartoon?

B. World War I and the Middle East Over a million Armenian men, women and children were sent on death marches into the Syrian desert. The Ottoman government also used firing squads, burnings, drowning, poisons and drugs against Armenian victims This political motivated mass murder became known as The Armenian Massacres Citizenship 22(C) Identify examples of politically motivated mass murders in … Armenia.

B. World War I and the Middle East After the war, the Allies took way Turkish possessions of Arabia, Syria and Palestine The British government had promised Arab groups their independence The areas where instead divided between Britain and France as mandates under the League of Nations TEKS History 10(C) Explain the political impact of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the political and economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles, including changes in boundaries and the mandate system.

B. World War I and the Middle East Uprisings in Egypt and Arabia led to their independence General Mustafa Kemal, known as Ataturk, organized resistance to Allied attempts to dismember Turkey. A secular state of Turkey emerged in 1920.