Let’s Discuss… Why did so many people believe this was the “War to end all Wars”? Do you believe it is possible to prevent WAR? Why or why not? Knowing what you know about World War One, what are some ways World War Two could have been prevented?

Title: A flawed peace and its dire consequences Do Now: Aim: What challenges were leaders of the Allied countries forced to deal with as the war came to a close? Title: A flawed peace and its dire consequences Do Now: 1. Discuss this question with the person next to you and be prepared to share with the class a. Think of an argument or conflict you have had with someone. How did you end it? Was it completely squashed, or does it still come up?

OBJECTIVE I Upon the conclusion of a war, major fight, what happens/occurs afterwards? - Students are asked to list and then examine at least two (2) things that often occur/happens once a war has concluded its course. - If any, what problems might the differing “parties” face right after the war? - Can a post war era lead to another war? Why, or why not?

A Flawed Peace? Now, based on the Do Now, how likely will excess punishment lead to more misbehavior? Think carefully prior to responding. - Always? Sometimes? Or never?

A Flawed Peace : World War I Ends (Ch. 27. 4 – 27.5)

The Allies meet at Versailles Delegates represented 32 different countries. Russia, Germany, and Germany’s allies were not represented. Most decisions were made by the big four: Woodrow Wilson – U.S. Georges Clemenceau – France David Lloyd George – Great Britain Vittorio Orlando – Italy

Some countries not invited to Paris: LOSER were not welcomed to this party.. wink! wink! German Republic Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Why? need to blame Germans Why? Country to be broken up Why? Will also be broken up – British want Mid East Lenin & Russia Colonies seeking Independence Why? Traitor & don’t like communists! Nationalist leaders not invited or asked to leave

Paris Peace Conference The PPC begins in January of 1919 The big four goals: 1) Woodrow Wilson - USA 2) Lloyd George – Great Britain Wants lasting peace! Punish Germany! 1)Fourteen Points 1)German reparations a)Self determination 2)Weaken German Army b)League of Nations 3) Central Powers should lose territory 4) Vittorio Orlando - Italy 3) Georges Clemenceau - France Get Anything! 1)Want land from Austria-Hungary Get Revenge! 1)Blame Germany for war 2)Take back territory 3) German reparations

Concerns of Britain & France Chapter 27 – Section 4 & 5 A FLAWED PEACE WILSON’S goal of achieving a JUST peace differed from the peace objective of FRANCE and BRITAIN A just and lasting peace; An end to secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free Trade Reduction of EVERYONE’S armies and navies Self-Determination for colonies The creation of a WORLD PEACE ORGANIZATION Concerned with National Security Concerned with cost of rebuilding nations’ lands Desire to strip Germany of its war-making power Make Germany pay! Concerns of Britain & France Wilson's 14 Points!

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles Treaty officially ends World War I 1918: Treaty signed by Great Britain, France, United States, Italy, Germany, and Austria Treaty decided the direction of the World After World War I

What was the Treaty Supposed To Do? A fair peace achieved by ending secret treaties freedom of the seas free trade between nations smaller militaries

What was the Treaty Supposed To Do? fairness towards colonized peoples self-determination: letting colonized peoples rule themselves League of Nations: an international world wide peace keeping organization

What Did Great Britain and France Want the Treaty to Do? TO PUNISH GERMANY! Reward themselves strip Germany of its ability to wage war,

Punishment for Germany Germany lost a lot of territory!! Germany had severe restrictions placed on its military “War-Guilt Clause:” accept total blame for the war Germany had to pay $33 Billion in reparations to GB/Fr.

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s 14 Points President Wilson’s Plan to maintain world peace after World War I

Wilson’s 14 Points Included League of Nations: an international peace keeping organization

League of Nations America did not join: they didn’t want to be dragged into future European wars because of treaties or alliances Without U.S. support the League of Nations was unable to take action in various problems and disputes around the world

What does this political cartoon suggest about the League of Nations?

What does this political cartoon suggest about the League of Nations? The cartoon shows U.S. Pres. Thomas Woodrow Wilson blowing bubbles

Countries Feel Cheated a legacy of resentment and rage amongst Germans Africans/Asians were angry they weren’t granted independence Japan and Italy angry they weren’t given as much land as GB and France

Legacy of the Treaty of Versailles Problems, greed, shortcomings of the Treaty of Versailles caused more anger, frustration, and resentment that before World War I The Shortcomings of the Treaty eventually allowed _____________to rise to power……………

LEGACY OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES Bitterness and Loss!!! Why did many countries feel bitter and cheated as a result of the treaty? GERMANY … AFRICANS & ASIANS … JAPANESE & ITALIANS… Why did the USA Reject the Treaty? How did this rejection affect the League of Nations?

LEGACY OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES Bitterness and Loss!!! Why did many countries feel bitter and cheated as a result of the treaty? GERMANY … War Guilt left Legacy of hatred! (Unfortunately, this “PUNISHMENT” of Germany, added to the Great Depression, led to the rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party aka NAZI Party & some guy named, Adolf Hitler (a decorated WWI veteran)… By any chance, have you heard of him? Hmmm!) AFRICANS & ASIANS … Angry that they were not granted independence! JAPANESE & ITALIANS… This will later lead to future imperialism for both countries. As a result, like the Great War (WWI) it was one of the primary causes of WWII. Gained less land than they wanted. Why did the USA Reject the Treaty? Senate and citizens object to the League of Nations… Did not want to align with European “WARMONGERS” Believed the USA should Stay out of Europe’s Affairs… Isolationists/Neutrality attitude. ISOLATIONISM!!! How did this rejection affect the League of Nations? Without American support, League is unable to Succeed… NO MILITARY TO ENFORCE ITS DECISIONS!!!

Germany Peace seen as imposed & harsh both by Germany weakened, but New regime (Socialists and Catholics) Supporters of older order Germany weakened, but neither entirely nor permanently Reject war guilt clause Reluctant to acknowledge defeat

Adolph Hitler (r. 1933-1945)

Bottom line: What say you? Did the peace treaties Provide security? Make the world safe for democracy? Was it The best possible solution at the time? or A flawed peace? - Give your reasoning