U.S. History Standard 5 Review

Standard USHC-5: The student will demonstrate an understanding of domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the emergence of the United States as a world power in the twentieth century.

USHC-5.1 Analyze the development of American expansionism, including the change from isolationism to intervention and the rationales for imperialism based on Social Darwinism, expanding capitalism, and domestic tensions.

Foreign Policy, Imperialism, and World War I Westward Expansion of the Mid 1800’sAmerican Expansion of the late 1800’s EXPAND FROM ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC MANIFEST DESTINY EXPAND INTO THE PACIFIC TO FIND MARKETS FOR OUR GOODS ISOLATIONISM -- seeking to devote the entire efforts of one's country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding foreign entanglements and responsibilities IMPERIALISM -- economic, military and cultural influence of the U.S. on other countries

Why Imperialism? Domestic TENSIONSocial DARWINISMGrowing NATIONALISM Labor TENSION FARMERS unrest Depression The U.S. needs new MARKETS to sell goods Idea that Americans are SUPERIOR It is America’s Duty to CIVILIZE the less fortunate “White Man’s Burden” The U.S. builds the NAVY to protect TRADE, SECURE MARKETS and spread CHRISTIANITY One negative result of American expansionism was that some foreign countries RESENTED the American interference

USHC-5.2 Explain the influence of the Spanish- American War on the emergence of the United States as a world power, including the role of yellow journalism in the American declaration of war against Spain, United States interests and expansion in the South Pacific, and the debate between pro- and anti-imperialists over annexation of the Philippines.

The Spanish American War The Causes Imperialist Ideas Desire to help Cubans Yellow Journalism U.S.S. MaineDe Lome’ Letter Domestic Tension Expand MARKETS Increased CAPITALISM Help the Cubans Break Free from SPAIN Exaggerated MEDIA AND STORIES Sank in the HAVANNA Harbor Blamed on SPAIN Letter that stated that McKinley would not declare WAR ON SPAIN

The Spanish American War The Results of the War Territories gained Imperialist v. Anti- Imperialists Insular CasesPerception of the U.S. 1. PUERTO RICO 2.GUAM 3.PHILIPPINES 4.CUBA 5.WAKE ISLAND Argument over the Annexation of the PHILIPPINES Imperialists—use the islands as FUELING station for trade Anti-Imperialist-- the islands will never become part of the THE UNIITED STATES Does the Constitution follow the Flag? According to the Supreme Court— NO People in territories DO NOT have the same rights as CITIZENS Before the war the U.S. was a CHAMPION OF LIBERTY After the war the U.S. was a COLONIAL POWER

USHC-5.3 Summarize United States foreign policies in different regions of the world during the early twentieth century, including the purposes and effects of the Open Door policy with China, the United States role in the Panama Revolution, Theodore Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy,” William Taft’s “dollar diplomacy,” and Woodrow Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” and changing worldwide perceptions of the United States

American Imperialist Policies T. RooseveltH. TaftW. Wilson "BIG STICK DIPLOMACY" Use force or the threat of it. Roosevelt COROLLARY established the U.S. as Policeman that would keep Europe out of Latin America "DOLLAR DIPLOMACY" Use money to influence outcome "MORAL DIPLOMACY" Teach them to elect good moral people

American Imperialist Policies ChinaPanamaCuba OPEN Door Policy opened Chinese markets to American goods The Chinese revolted during the BOXER REBELLION The U.S. helped Panama gain independence from COLOMBIA In exchange, the U.S. gained access rights to construct the PANAMA CANAL The PLATT Amendment gave the U.S. the power to supervise Cuba AND….. Lease a military base at GUANTANAMO BAY RESENTMENT

USHC-5.4 Analyze the causes and consequences of United States involvement in World War I, including the failure of neutrality and the reasons for the declaration of war, the role of propaganda in creating a unified war effort, the limitation of individual liberties, and Woodrow Wilson’s leadership in the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of the League of Nations.

World War I MILATARISMALLIANCESIMPERIALISMNATIONALISM Germany builds up their MILTARY Why? To USE it They were formed to STOP War! Serbia Germany Russia Austria Hungary France Italy Britain “Having Colonies” Germany and AUSTRIA HUNGARY did not have COLONIES How do you get them? BUY THEM or TAKE THEM Strong feeling for ones country or ETHNIC group Slavs living in SARAJEVO wanted to be free of Austria-Hungary THE SPARK---- Archduke FRANZ Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by the BLACKHAND

U.S. response The United States declared that it would remain NEUTRAL The United States declared that it would remain NEUTRAL In 1915 a German submarine sinks the LUISITANIA pushing the U.S. toward war. The Germans issue the SUSSEX PLEDGE and promise to halt unrestricted submarine warfare. In 1915 a German submarine sinks the LUISITANIA pushing the U.S. toward war. The Germans issue the SUSSEX PLEDGE and promise to halt unrestricted submarine warfare.

U.S. Involvement Why did the U.S. declare war?On the Homefront Germany resumes UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE ZIMMERMAN Note proposes an alliance between Germany and Mexico PROPAGANDA was used to portray the Germans as the “Bad Guy” “HATE THE HUN” SEDITION ACTS were passed to limit criticisms of the war effort. UNIFY THE PEOPLE BEHIND THE WAR EFFORT

End of WWI Paris Peace Conference—The Treaty of Versailles United StatesGreat Britain, France, ItalyResults Wilson’s 14 points Eliminate the causes of WAR Don’t Punish GERMANY Create a LEAGUE OF NATIONS Punish GERMANY War-GUILT clause Pay REPARATIONS League of NATIONS created New national borders based on SELF DETERMINATION new COUNTRIES formed laid the foundation for WWII

USHC-5.5 Analyze the United States rejection of internationalism, including postwar disillusionment, the Senate’s refusal to ratify the Versailles Treaty, the election of 1920, and the role of the United States in international affairs in the 1920s.

The U.S. after World War I ExternalInternal The SENATE fails to ratify the Treaty of Versailles The U.S. does not join the LEAGUE OF NATIONS Reject IMPERIALISM and Internationalism foreign policy There was no GLORY in World War I. Only DEATH Reject the DEMOCRATIC Party Republican candidate WARREN G HARDING wins the election of 1920 in a landslide because he promises A “Return to NORMALCY