6.02-Piaget Stage Two PreoperationalPeriod Ages 2-7 yrs

6.02-Piaget Assimilation and accommodation Children form concepts in their minds Concepts: general categories of objects and information

6.02-Piaget All things in the air are birds. Then they learn the difference between birds and planes.

6.02-Piaget These are all apples because they are red

6.02-Piaget Basic mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn.

6.02-Piaget I “eated” my apple No, it’s “ate” Then I “ated” my apple Children learn mostly by language and mental images

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Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images

6.02-Piaget Everyone views the world like I do.

6.02-Piaget Egocentrism The sun follows them from place to place and goes to bed when they do Problems with reversibility—can’t see the world from other's perspectives

6.02-Piaget Children are prone to thinking errors Just as a walking toddler is prone to missteps

6.02-Piaget I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired! He hurt my feelings so I hit him! use feeling to solve problems rather than logic

6.02-Piaget Begin learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category

6.02-Piaget Begin learning seriation—the ability to order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest Preschool children cannot arrange themselves by height

6.02-Piaget They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall thin glass. To them taller means more!

6.02-Piaget Another example of conservation

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They use synergetic reasoning: A break in logic, changing set of criteria Example: Mother usually makes dinner before dad comes home so making dinner causes dad to come home.

6.02-Piaget First, you put all of the white powder in a bowl. Then you pour milk into it. Stir and pour in metal cups that are hooked together. Now hurry and put in the oven because we are late for school.

6.02-Piaget Intuitive reasoning— They guess!! Which line has more marbles?

6.02-Piaget My birthday is before Christmas and after Halloween

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Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe

6.02-Piaget In general we learn: Children learn to master one skill before another Children learn in their own ways And not as adults do!!

6.02-Piaget You can tell a lot about cognitive development by looking at a child’s drawings.

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Is that a drawing of two caterpillars?

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6.02-Gardner Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

6.02-Gardner  People have a unique blend of intelligences. The biggest challenge is how to use the blend of intelligences.intelligences

6.02-Gardner Eight Multiple Intelligences  Verbal linguistic  Logical-mathematical  Spatial  Musical rhythmic  Bodily-kinesthetic  Interpersonal  Intrapersonal  Naturalist

6.02-Gardner  Gardner claimed that the eight intelligences rarely operate independently.  They are used at the same time and tend to complement each other as people develop skills or solve problems.

6.02-Gardner  These intelligences, according to Howard Gardner, are amoral (not doing the right thing)  They can be put to constructive or destructive use.

6.02-Gardner  Eight kinds of intelligence would allow eight ways to teach, rather than one.  This would allow children more ways to learn and express themselves.