An Emerging World Power, Part I

Learning Target Learning Target 6.2: I can explain the changing policies of the U.S. towards Latin America and Asia, and the United States’ involvement in foreign markets.

Completely Useless Information The full name of the Barbie Doll is Barbara Millicent Roberts. A cat can produce over 100 types of sounds, while a dog can only produce 10.

Expanding Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny fueled American expansion throughout the 19 th century. By the end of the century, many believed America should look outside its borders and establish colonies like Europe. Imperialism - the policy of extending a nation’s authority over other country’s by economic, political, or military means.

Expanding Manifest Destiny (cont.) Reasons for American imperialism: 1)Desire for military strength - need global military presence and strong navy to compete with other countries. 2)New markets - American factories and farms could produce more goods than Americans could buy.  Need raw materials for factories.  Need new people to buy goods. 3)Cultural superiority - the civilizing mission.  Spread American values/Christianity to the inferior/uncivilized people of the world.

Aloha? Hawaii was important to American trade - a stopping point for American merchants on the way to China and East India. Established Christian schools and churches - good relations with Americans. American-owned Hawaiian sugar plantations traded mostly with American companies.

Aloha? (cont.) Workers from China and Japan were imported to work on plantations. – By 1900, foreigners and immigrant laborers outnumbered Hawaiians 3 to 1. An increased American presence: – United States built naval base at Pearl Harbor in refueling station for American ships. – American industrial leaders persuaded King Kalakaua (KaLockKaWa) to restrict voting rights to only wealthy landowners.

Aloha? (cont.) In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani (LeLeLouKaLani) proclaimed “Hawaii for Hawaiians” - get rid of voting restrictions. Business groups organized a revolution and established a government led by Sanford B. Dole. – President Cleveland formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii. – In 1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory. – Became the 50 th state in 1959.

“Cuba Libre!!” At the end of the 19 th century, Spain was a declining world power. American businesses had invested millions in Cuba (a Spanish colony). This investment created the feeling that the United States could assert its rights to intervene in Cuban affairs. Stories of Spanish atrocities led to calls for Cuban independence- “Cuba Libre!” – Cubans put into concentration camps by Spanish.

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Yellow Journalism American newspapers need more readers: William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer competed by publishing sensational and exaggerated accounts of the events in Cuba. Yellow journalism - sensational writing that exaggerated news to lure and enrage readers. Made people sympathize with the Cuban people and want war with Spain. “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.” - Hearst

The Path to War De Lome letter - Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. insulted President McKinley in a letter that ended up being published in the New York Journal. – Made Americans angrier towards the Spanish. President McKinley ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Havana in – On February 15, 1898 the ship mysteriously blew up in the harbor, killing 260. – No one knew what happened, but the American media claimed that the Spanish were responsible. – Hearst offered $50,000 reward for capture of those responsible. War was inevitable-”Remember the Maine!!” – United States declared war on Spain on April 20, 1898.

Spanish American War First battles of war fought in the Philippines. —U.S. destroyed Spanish fleet in Manila Bay and easily defeated Spanish army with the help of Filipinos, who wanted independence from Spain. U.S. Army was neither well-trained (majority volunteers) nor well- equipped (weapons and uniforms). Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders- volunteer Calvary unit. – Called the hero of San Juan Hill by the media. Fighting lasted less than 15 weeks. – Secretary of State John Jay – “a splendid little war.”

Spanish American War (cont.) Results: End of Spanish Empire Cuba was freed United States received Guam and Puerto Rico United States bought the Philippines for $20 million Sparked a debate in the United States — Did the U.S. have the right to control the Philippines? – Was imperialism was right or wrong? (Please take 30 seconds to think about it then turn and talk to a partner to discuss) – McKinley- “…there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and Christianize them.” – Samuel Gompers was worried Filipino immigrants would compete for American jobs.

Day 3 Journal Questions Explain what the concept of imperialism means. Why did the United States want to become a imperialistic nation during the turn of the 20 th century? What territories did the United States gain after the Spanish American War? Why did the United States become involved with Cuban affairs?