TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 The role of Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone in Climate – AerOClim – Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions – StratoClim – Overarching goal: To improve climate projections by including the main climate relevant processes of the UTS in Earth System Models and assess the role of the UTS in surface climate change. Proposal submitted yesterday Two stage selection process, decision in spring 2013 Project will run 2014 – 2017

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 aerosol layerozone layer CTMs CCMs ESMs OK mostly OK, But weaknesses for polar loss prescribed mostly prescribed prescribed State of the representation of stratospheric ozone and aerosol in global models

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Main objectives: improve the understanding of the processes that determine the stratospheric (and TTL) sulfur and aerosol budget, including non-sulfate aerosol, to include interactive stratospheric (and TTL) sulfur and aerosol in CTMs and CCMs, to develop fast schemes to include interactive UTS aerosol and ozone (including ozone hole processes) in earth system models, to assess the impact of climate change on stratospheric aerosol and ozone and the effect of such changes on surface climate. Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions – StratoClim – will be addressed by field activities combined satellite data analysis and process modeling

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 StratoClim Planned field activities Key regions for the composition of the stratosphere: Boreal summer: Asian monsoon (AM) Boreal winter: Western Pacific (WP) warm pool Palau

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Global ozonesonde station network and SSTs Long term annual mean sea surface temperature [ o C]

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Global ozonesonde station network and SSTs Long term annual mean sea surface temperature [ o C] TransBrom cruise October 2009

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Ozone profile measurements in the West Pacific Extratropical West Pacific ~30 o N Ozone [ppbv] Altitude [m]

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Extratropical West Pacific ~30 o N Tropical Atlantic Ozone [ppbv] Altitude [m] Ozone profile measurements in the West Pacific

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Extratropical West Pacific ~30 o N Tropical Atlantic Ozone [ppbv] Altitude [m] Ozone profile measurements in the West Pacific

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Extratropical West Pacific ~30 o N Tropical Atlantic Tropical West Pacific Ozone [ppbv] Altitude [m] Ozone profile measurements in the West Pacific

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Extratropical West Pacific ~30 o N Ozone profile measurements in the West Pacific Tropical Atlantic Tropical West Pacific Samoa (CEPEX data with modern background current correction is similar) Ozone [ppbv] Altitude [m]

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Ozone profile measurements in the West Pacific : 33.5 o N : 26.2 o N : 23.1 o N : 18.8 o N : 14.9 o N : 10.5 o N : 6.2 o N : 1.1 o N : 3.1 o S : 7.2 o S : 11.8 o S : 14.4 o S Ozone [ppbv] Altitude [m]

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Ozone profile measurements in the West Pacific : 33.5 o N : 26.2 o N : 23.1 o N : 18.8 o N : 14.9 o N : 10.5 o N : 6.2 o N : 1.1 o N : 3.1 o S : 7.2 o S : 11.8 o S : 14.4 o S Ozone [ppbv] Altitude [m] Troposph. ozone below 15~20 ppbv

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, Source region of stratospheric air: ozone  OH  lifteimes SO 2 gas phase Lifetimes [days] 25 7 ATLAS Time spent in the troposphere before reaching stratosphere

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Aircraft campaign with M55 Geophysica: Full coverage of TTL and lowest stratosphere (up to ~19km) optimally two phases during the timeframe: late 2014 – early 2016: (1) boreal summer, AM (Thailand) (2) boreal winter, WP (Philippines, Palau) New instruments include: SO 2 /H 2 SO 4 mass spectrometer a dual channel cavity-enhanced instrument for COS and HCN aerosol mass spectrometers (single particle and bulk) Measurements will cover: H 2 O, O 3, COS, SO 2, H 2 SO 4, CO, CO 2, HCN, long-lived tracers (in-situ, remote), nitrogen oxides, active halogen species, particle size distribution, particle chemical composition (in-situ/lidar) StratoClim : Field activities (1)

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Tropical ground station: Location: probably Palau (close to center of warm pool) 2-3 years of initial operation during 2014 – 2016 Instrumentation: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer for e.g.: O 3, CO, C 2 H 2, C 2 H 6, CH 2 O, HCN, COS, NO, NO 2 profiles (~3-5 independent layers), tropospheric & total columns ECC ozonesondes UV-diode ozone spectrometer sondes (Kalnajs and Avallone, 2010) Water vapour sondes Backscatter sondes aerosol lidar StratoClim : Field activities (2)

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 END

TTL workshop, Honolulu, October 17, 2012 Tropopause (T min ) zero radiative heating ~15km ~17km Transport into the stratosphere Stratosphere TTL LCP net radiative heating net radiative cooling Surface emissions emissions from moderate volcano LCP