The State of Fathers in the State of Hawaii by Selva Lewin-Bizan, Ph.D. Center on the Family, University of Hawaii and Hawaii State Commission on Fatherhood Department of Human Services

 Provides a snapshot of the state of fathers across Hawaii  Number, characteristics, and geographical distribution of fathers  Differences and similarities to the mainland U.S. populations  Data Sources  2000 and 2010 U.S. Censuses  American Community Survey 5-year sample  Hawai‘i Homeless Management Information System  Hawai‘i Department of Public Safety The State of Fathers in the State of Hawai‘i

 Missing Community Data  What does father involvement look like?  How are sociocultural variations linked to parenting practices of Hawaii men?  How do we measure fatherhood? Why Conduct Fatherhood Study?

 2013  Commission on Fatherhood includes fatherhood study in Strategic Plan  2014 & 2015  UH Center on the Family analyses Hawaii fatherhood demographics & trends  2015  Establish community partnerships  2016  Create inventory of services  Work with policy makers (DHS, DOH, Hawaii Children’s Trust Fund) to secure federal, state and county fatherhood resources Fatherhood Study Timeline

 Between % of fathers in Hawai‘i were employed  Among the unemployed there was a higher rate of single fathers than among the employed Study Highlight - Employment Fathers in Hawai ʻ i, by marital status and employment status, Employment Status AllMarried Spouse Present Married Spouse Absent SeparatedDivorcedWidowedNever married / Single Employed 80,16668,4451,3591,0124, ,872 Unemployed 3,1132, Not in force 16,87213, , N/A Total 100,16484,3051,6651,1375,4473,0124,598

 Between about 237,000 minor children lived with their parents in Hawai‘i  Almost 3/4 of all children in Hawai‘i lived with two married parents, and almost 1/5 lived with a single mother  73.7% lived with two married parents  19.2% lived with a single mother  7.1% lived with a single father Study Highlight – Rates of Two- Parent Households

 Lowest on Maui (69%) and Hawaii counties (63.6%)  In all counties, higher rates of children lived with single mothers than with single fathers  26.4% versus 10.6% in Hawaii County  22.5% versus 8.9% in Maui County  7.7% versus 5.8% in Honolulu County  13.9% versus 9.6% in Kauai County Study Highlight – Variations of Rates of Two-Parent Households among Hawaii Counties

 Between about 302,000 children lived in family households in Hawaii  21.5% received Supplemental Security Income, cash public assistance income, or Food Stamp/SNAP benefits  a lower rate than the 25.1% nationwide rate Study Highlight – Rates of Public Assistance Children living in households with public assistance

 Assistance rates were higher within households headed by a single-person  40.5% of children living with a female head of the household  lower than the 50.6% nationwide average  24.5% of children living with a male head of the household  lower than the 31.3% nationwide average Study Highlight – Rates of Public Assistance (cont.)

 Between % of the 301,874 children in households in Hawai‘i lived in families with an income below the poverty level  lower than the 20.8% nationwide  Poverty rates were higher (35.3%) for children living in single-women family households  lower than the 46.1% nationwide Study Highlight – Rates of Poverty

 Percent of Hawaii children living in single-women family households with below-poverty-income  5 times higher than for children living in married-couple households (7.6%)  Rates for mainland children living in single-women family households with below-poverty-income  4.5 times higher than for children living in married-couple households (10.4%) Study Highlight – Rates of Poverty (cont.) Children living in households with income below the poverty level

 Poverty rates vary among Hawaii counties  12.6% in the City and County of Honolulu  24.9% in Hawai‘i County  In single-women households with children  34.4% in the City and County of Honolulu  45.9% in Hawai‘i County Study Highlight - Variation of Poverty Rates among Hawaii Counties

 In Hawai‘i County almost one quarter of all family households are a father-absent family household (23.4%)  Children in female-headed homes are almost 3.5 times more likely to be poor than children in married-couple households  In City & County of Honolulu, less than a fifth of all family households are a father-absent household (17.2%)  Children in female-headed homes are almost 5.4 times more likely to be poor than children in married-couple households. Study Highlight - Variation of Poverty Rates among Hawaii Counties (cont.)

 Among all homeless families in Hawai‘i, more than half are two-parent families  Among all single-parent homeless families in the state, 11.5% are headed by a father Homeless Fathers Honolulu Magazine

 54.5% are two-parent families  40.2% are father-absent families  Honolulu has the largest proportion of two-parent homeless families  63.6% of the 1,072 homeless families  Maui has the smallest  (28% of the 250 homeless families)  A higher proportion of single-father families have either no minor children, or only one child compared to two-parent and single- mother homeless families Homeless Fathers (cont.)

Informs policy and decision making Guides allocation of resources Quality Data

 A larger percentage of fathers in the state are part of a two-parent family than nationwide  Fathers in Hawai‘i fare better than mainland counterparts in terms of education, employment, and income  Still, many fathers, and their families, are in need of support Summary

Father-Child Look-a-like Contest Father’s Day 2015