1 Cell Division, DNA & Genetics What our parents gave us

2 Mi Dance

3 What is the Cell Cycle? Cell doing daily chores Cell Reproduction Splitting into 2

4 MITOSIS Detail Movie (S)

5 MITOSIS Detail Movie (14m13s)

6 1) What occurs during mitosis? R.A.W.B. Chapter 4 section 3 p 92 – 95 Workbook: pages sec 3 (1-24) Daybook: One Becomes Two p ) What is the relationship of the number of chromosomes between parent and daughter cells in mitosis?

7 What is DNA? A strand of protein located in the nucleus of cells. Made of nitrogen base pairs that form a double helix.

8 What is DNA responsible for? 1.Encoding instructions for the cell’s activities. 2.Provides genetic material for the cell. 3.Forms chromosomes.

9 DNA Nucleotide Base Pairs Adenine Cytosine ThymineGuanine

10 Video of Watson, Crick & Franklin

11 Rosalind Franklin

12 Watson & Crick They discovered the shape of DNA is a double helix. (twisted ladder, spiral staircase) They built a model of DNA and won the Nobel Peace Prize.

13 Why does DNA replicate? To make sure each cell has a complete set of genes to pass to the next generation.

14 Meiosis

15 Meiosis Creates four haploid (having ½ the number of chromosomes) cells.

16 Phenotypes The physical characteristics of an organism. What it looks like. (Photo)

17 Genotypes What is on the genes UNSEEN. Usually written with letters. Example: Aa, aa, AA or TT, Tt, tt

18 Dominant Traits Example: Brown eyes are dominant Traits that mask or cover up other genes.

19 Recessive Traits Are only seen if there isn’t a dominate trait present. Example: Blue eyes

20 Heterozygous or Hybrid Having two different genes on the genotype Example: Tt or Aa

21 Homozygous or Purebred Having two same genes on the genotype Example: TT or tt

22 Punnett Squares Why we use: Show all possible results of a cross Show all genotypes and phenotypes of both parents and offspring. How we use: 1)Determine Cross 2)Set up Punnett Square 3)Fill out squares 4)Figure %, ratio & chances

23 How to do Punnett Squares t TT t t T t TTT tt Cross Tt x Tt

24 Inherited Traits Characteristics that are controlled by genes. Examples: Hair color, eye color, tongue rolling, or being able to taste PTC. NOT INHERITED: Things that are learned like: speaking Spanish, playing basketball or tennis

25 What if… Two tall pea plants had a short offspring? Two hybrid parents are crossed. What is the percentage that the offspring will have the same genotype as the parents? If the genotype for a trait is hybrid, the phenotype expressed will be _____.  The parents were heterozygous. Tt  50%  the dominant trait.

26 Gregor Mendel During the 1800’s he discovered how inherited characteristics are passed from parents to offspring using pea plants.

27 Cloning A process where scientists take DNA and make a copy of that organism.

28 Genetic Engineering Used to change the genetic code to produce an organism with improved genetic traits. Greatly helps advance medicine and agriculture.