Type of conservation areaEstablishmentManagement Federal protected areas (zapovedniks, national parks etc.) Federal government Ministry of natural resources Regional protected areas (zakazniks, nature monuments etc.) Regional government Protective forests (former “first group”), group “valuable forests” Federal forest agency Regional forest administration Protective forests (former “first group”), other subcategories and groups Unclear (in the past – forest planning orgs) Regional forest administration Specially protected forest patches (similar to woodland key habitats) Federal forest agency Regional forest administration, companies Non-exploitable areas inside cut blocks Forest planning orgs, companies “Rezerved forests” (large areas, that are not planned for logging for next 20 years) Federal forest agency Unclear Other special areas (fish protection zones, game management areas etc.) Usually unclear

Key issues of HCVF protection in Russia Legal or voluntary protection of intact forest landscapes (often they are considered by government as “waste lands” or “wood deposit”) Legal protection of federal and especially regional nature reserves (state of regional reserves on lands of forestry is often unclear or threatened) Future of “protective forests” (former “first group forests”), especially green zones and forest parks Possibility to establish new “specially protected forest patches” (key habitats) – since new Forest code came in force, not a single area of this type was established Possibility and promotion of voluntary protection of HCVFs (for example, how to avoid high penalties for “illegal forest protection”)