711: Intelligent Tutoring Systems Week 4 – Representations

2 Today  Reading discussion  Any demos?  Work time

3 READING DISCUSSION

4 Introduction: Multiple representations  Claim: Multiple representations are better than one  Justification: Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Cognitive Load Theory Working memory; sensory channels; modality-specific limited capacity subsystems  But what influences whether MERs are effective or not?

5 Design Parameters  Dimensions of multi-representational systems: Number of representations Distribution of information across representations Form of the representational system Sequence of representations Support for translation between representations

6 Distribution of Information No redundancy. High redundancy  Simplifies  More representations  More complex representations  Fewer representations

7 Design Parameters  Dimensions of multi-representational systems: Number of representations Distribution of information across representations Form of the representational system Sequence of representations Support for translation between representations

8 Sequence of Representations  Simultaneously  Consecutively

9 Design Parameters  Dimensions of multi-representational systems: Number of representations Distribution of information across representations Form of the representational system Sequence of representations Support for translation between representations

10 Translation between Representations  System-provided  Student-provided Spontaneously Prompted

11 Functions of Representations  Computational offloading  Re-representation  Graphical constraining

12 Cognitive Tasks  Understanding the form of the representation  Understanding the relation between representation and domain  Understanding how to select representations  Understanding how to construct representations

13 Learning with Multiple Representations  Perceptual variability leads to abstraction  Cognitive flexibility  Successful learning from multiple representations depends on connection-making

14 Functions of Multiple Representations  Complementary roles  Constrain interpretation  Construct deeper understanding

15 Design Heuristics  Complementary representations require understanding of each representation Minimize co-presence Provide dynamic linking  Constraining representations afford concrete representations Understanding of constraining relation Co-presence required  Constructing understanding through representations Optimal level of superficial similarity High redundancy is helpful Co-presence required

16 Cognitive Load Theory

17 Implications for ITS design

18 DEMOS Is there anything you want me to show?

19 WORK TIME

20 Tasks to work on  Ask me about issues wrt mass production  Integrate multiple representations in at least one of your problems  Implement support for connection making between representations where appropriate

21 FOR NEXT WEEK

22 Tasks before next week  Continue working on the interfaces and behavior graphs for your problems  Finish mass production if you haven’t done so  Integrate multiple representations if you didn’t finish in class  Do the assigned readings  Post on Moodle (Sunday, 11:59pm) on how you would apply the readings to your own tutor  Comment on others’ posts