APUSH Roots of WWII

The Era of Isolationism? During the 1930s the country as a whole was anti- war. Why?

Dawes Plan

Italy & Mussolini Rise to power: − 1919, Italy in Chaos- disappointed by Treaty of Versailles − Peasants inspired by Russian revolution − Mussolini starts organizing vets and the discontent. Promises a return to Roman greatness. − Black Shirts

Italy & Mussolini − 1922, ‘March to Rome” − Victor Emanuel gave Mussolini permission to form new government Motivations − Make Italy a great world power − Foreign expansion

Mussolini Speech

Germany/ Adolf Hitler National Socialist German Workers Party Rise to power: − Austria − 18- Vienna Art School- turned down − Moved to Germany, fights in WWI − 1919, joins small group of right wing extremists − 1920, leader of Nazi- creates Brown Shirts

Adolf Hitler continued… − coup, fails, ends up in jail − Writes Mein Kampf- holy book of Nazi goals − 1932, out, Nazi’s win more seats in Reichstag − 1933, Hitler becomes Chancellor and sets to work on his goals Motives/Goals − Unite all German speaking people − Master Race − Lebensraum (living space)

In 1935, Congress passed the Neutrality Acts − Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war − Eventually included countries engaged in Civil War

Japan/ Hideki Tojo & Hirohito Rise to power: − 1920’s, moving to democracy − Russian ideas became attractive to Japanese peasants and workers − Government vs Conservatives (military) − 1929, depression − 1931, Manchuria − Early 30’s, government forced to accept military domination

Japan Industrial but small Resented 2 nd class status Needs raw materials for growing industry and population

Neutrality Acts September 1939, Cash and Carry &

1940 Election

“Peace for our time.”

Get Ready, Set… FDR asks Congress to increase military spending Passed the 1 st peace time draft − Selective Training and Service Act − 16 million men between were registered

1941 There is a problem with Cash and Carry! Lend/Lease − “to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.” comparable to one neighbor's lending another a garden hose to put out a fire in his home. "What do I do in such a crisis?" the president asked at a press conference. "I don't say... 'Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it' …I don't want $15 — I want my garden hose back after the fire is over."

The Atlantic Charter FDR and Churchill meet secretly aboard the U.S.S. Augusta. What do you think Churchill wants? What does he get: − Pledge of Collective security Disarmament Self determination Basis for…. Economic cooperation Freedom of the seas FDR would not ask for war but he would provoke one

“The Enemy of My Enemy is My Friend” June 1941, Hitler invades U.S.S.R. FDR began to send Lend/Lease supplies to Stalin What does this cause?

Trouble with the Wolfpacks September 1941, U.S.S. Greer Gave Navy permission to fire at them Pink Star (merchant ship) U.S. Destroyer Kearny U.S. Destroyer Reuben James Are we still neutral?

Japan Already in Control of Manchuria invaded China Seized colonial lands in East Asia. Why now? moved South In response we cut off trade with the Japanese 2 options for the japanese

Axis of Evil September 27, 1940 Tripartite Pact Goal?

Peace Talks Two Japanese negotiators in D.C. We had broken their code But where would the attack be? December 6, 1941 − “reject all peace proposals” This means war

Dec 7, 1941 Film War Address