Ancient Middle East Culture and Religion.

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient Middle East Culture and Religion

Social Classes King/Priests Rich Merchants Most Others Slaves High Social Class King, priests Wealthy Merchants/High Families Middle Class Most Others (Farmers, Traders, Craftsmen) Lowest Class Slaves (Prisoners of war/Criminals/Debtors) King/Priests Rich Merchants Most Others Slaves

Ancient Culture Most were farmers, traders, craftsmen Lived in or near city-states Theocratic governments- Priests and god-kings Replaced by military governments - empires

Men and Women Educated were privileged elite (Male) Government officials, scribes Men had more authority and rights than women. But women were allowed to own land, businesses and seek divorce * Exception: a man could sell his wife and children to pay his debts.

Review Mesopotamian Beliefs Zoroastrianism Judaism Teachings: History:

Mesopotamian Beliefs (Sumer-Akkad, Assyria, Babylon) The human-like gods were agents in mythology, of greater or lesser status Polytheistic (Pantheon-Many Gods) Gods represented forces in the world Gods feared- “super-human” Sacrifices (Animal and sometimes human) Magic (Divination, Astrology) Teachings One society built off the last Incorporated gods of captured peoples (Hittites) Many shared common traits through cultural contact History

Zoroastrianism (Persia) During the reigns of Cyrus and Darius in Persia a new religion called Zoroastrianism took hold, based on the teachings of Zoroaster. Ahura Mazda, source of good Battle- good and evil Heaven and Hell Recognize individual responsibility Good thoughts, good words and good deeds is necessary to ensure happiness Teachings Much of Persian Empire Darius worshipped Ahura Mazda Other religions discouraged Formative to both Western and Eastern Spread

Judaism (Israel/Palestine) Set of beliefs and practices originating from the ancient Israelites, embodied in the Hebrew Bible First monotheistic religion (Yahweh ) Belief in divine revelation (Covenant) Code of ethics, or moral standards of behavior No central authority -Sacred Texts Teachings Land of Israel Sacred (Promised) 11c BC Israelite Kingdoms Series of Deportations-Diaspora History