Reading Skills for ENGL-121 Karen Kyger and Sandy Mallare

1. Better readers tend to produce more mature writing than poorer readers. T/F

2. Some state legislatures are mandating the integration of reading and writing at the developmental level. T/F

3. Metacognition is when students are not aware of their own learning processes. T/F

4. All assigned reading should be completed outside class. T/F

5. One of the best ways to evaluate students’ understanding of a text is to have them summarize it. T/F

Reading Skills in ENGL-121 Overview Focus on Critical Thinking – Most Important Encourage Metacognitive Conversations –Think Aloud –Text Talk –Metacognitive Logs Embed mini-lessons on skills during discussions – Active Reading/Learning – Main Ideas –Organizational Patterns – Author’s Purpose

Metacognitive Conversation (Making Thinking Visible)

What is a metacognitive conversation? Becoming aware of the thinking process while reading. A question I have is… I got confused here. I’ll keep reading and check back. I got lost. I better reread this part So what it’s saying is….

Why is metacognition important? “Metacognitive knowledge has been shown to be a significant predictor of reading comprehension; however, students do not automatically develop useful metacognitive strategies with time or age (Baker, 2008). Pintrich (2002) noted that there is a “number of students who come to college having very little metacognitive knowledge; knowledge about different strategies, different cognitive tasks, and particularly, accurate knowledge about themselves” (p. 223). However, there is some compelling evidence that metacognition can be developed through instruction.” (Holschuh, J. & Paulson, E (2013))

Metacognitive Dimension Introduce/Modeling Thinking Aloud Students Practice Thinking Aloud Talking to the Text (Annotating) Capturing the Reading Process (Keep Reading Strategies List in Canvas for Teacher/Students to update Metacognitive BookmarkBookmark Metacognitive Reading Log Author’s important ideas/My thoughts, feelings Evidence/Interpretation Metacognitive Reading Log Log/Pair Work (Schoenbach, R, Greenleaf, C., and Murphy, L.)

Grading Metacognitive Thinking??? Metacognitive Logs Rubric (Schoenbach, R, Greenleaf, C., and Murphy, L.)

INTEGRATING READING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM Using Mini-lessons

How To Present a Reading Mini-Lesson to Students Introduce the strategy: Establish its relevance, use and importance. Explain procedures: Describe how the technique works; explain steps in the process. Demonstrate: Using sample materials show how the technique is done. Apply: Guide students in applying the technique. Evaluate: Reflective on the usefulness of the technique and discuss modifications for different learning situations.

Cognitive Dimension (Questioning, Clarifying, Summarizing)

Cognitive Dimension – Assembling a Reading Toolbox Chunking Clarification Chart Clarification Questioning – (Student created – ReQuest, QAR )QAR This is About/This is Really About (Main Ideas) Summaries – 25 Word Abstract Reciprocal Teaching Role Cards (Facilitators – Clarification, Question, Summarization) Reciprocal Teaching Role Cards (Schoenbach, R, Greenleaf, C., and Murphy, L.)

This is About/This is Really About Students work in groups to identify main ideas and use them to create a summary 1.Students read a passage and be ready to “tell what the passage is about.” 2.Record all student ideas on a list. 3.Have class distinguish main ideas and details 4.Have students individually decide which ideas capture main idea 5.Keep asking, “This is about that, but what is it really about?” (Schoenbach, R, Greenleaf, C., and Murphy, L.)

Twenty-Five Word Abstract Limiting students to 25 word summaries helps them really focus on what’s important. 1.Students individually read and highlight main ideas and difficult vocabulary. 2.Working in small groups, students share their main ideas and reasons for selecting them. 3.Ask groups to reach consensus about main points 4.Students individually write an abstract of 25 words or less to include key points 5.Students share abstracts with group and then write group abstract (Schoenbach, R, Greenleaf, C., and Murphy, L.)

References Holschuh, Jodi P., and Eric J. Paulson. "The Terrain of College Developmental Reading." Executive Summary and Paper Commissioned by the College Reading & Learning Association (2013): July Web. Schoenbach, Ruth, Cynthia Greenleaf, and Lynn Murphy. Reading for Understanding: How Reading Apprenticeship Improves Disciplinary Learning in Secondary and College Classrooms. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Print.Reading for Understanding: How Reading Apprenticeship Improves Disciplinary Learning in Secondary and College Classrooms