Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 1 GastroIntestinal System Revision of anatomy and physiology

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 2 u Responsible for the intake, digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste Anatomy/Physiology

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 3 Accessory Digestive Organs u Teeth u tongue u salivary glands u liver u gallbladder u pancreas

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 4 Esophagus u cardiac, or lower esophageal or gastroesophageal sphincter

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 5 Stomach u Body, fundus u Pylorus u Pyloric sphincter Fundus Body

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 6 Small Intestine u small bowel u Parts duodenum jejunum ileum u ileocecal valve

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 7 Large Intestine u Large Bowel u Cecum u Appendix u Colon

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 8 u Colon Ascending Transvers Descending u Sigmoid u Rectum u Anus

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 9 u Functions production of bile glucose - glycogen storage of vitamins, B12, A, D, E, K erythrocytolysis (pigment released eliminated in bile called bilirubin) bilirubin gives stool its characteristic dark color removes toxins from blood manufactures blood proteins Liver - hepat/o

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 10 Pancreas u internal - endocrine function insulin glucogon u external - exocrine function amylase - carbohydrates trypsin, chymotrypsin - proteins lipase - fats u enzymes inactive until reach duodenum

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 11 Gallbladder u pear-shaped sac under the liver u chol/e means bile or gall u cyst/o means cyst or sac u gallbladder contracts forcing bile out cystic duct into common bile duct.

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 12 Bile u bile is a digestive juice- emulsifier acts on fat in a way that lipid enzymes can digest fat u travels via hepatic duct to cystic duct to gall bladder, where stored u bile consists of water, bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin (a colored substance resulting from breakdown of hemoglobin) u bilirubin gives bile yellow or orange color

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 13 Stomach during Digestion u Gastric juices HCL - activates enzymes protease pepsin Lipase

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 14 Small Intestine during Digestion u digestion completed in small intestine u Digested food mixed with bile and pancreatic juices u emulsification u absorption

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University 15 Large Intestine u receive fluid waste products and store until released from body. u excess water absorbed u feces, stools u defecation, or bowel movement