Human Impact By Protozoans By Vik Lal & Yaveth Gomez

Protozoans

General Characteristics Unicellular Organisms that sometimes form colonies Unicellular Organisms that sometimes form colonies Come in many shapes and sizes Come in many shapes and sizes Animal like heterotrophic unicellular organisms Animal like heterotrophic unicellular organisms Specialized vacuoles that take in and transport food Specialized vacuoles that take in and transport food Gain water by osmosis Gain water by osmosis Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Take in nutrients through diffusion, phagocytosis, and transportation Take in nutrients through diffusion, phagocytosis, and transportation

Amoeba Move by extending cytoplasm Move by extending cytoplasm Feed by phagocytosis Feed by phagocytosis Consume algae, bacteria, and other protozoans Consume algae, bacteria, and other protozoans One example of a disease-causing protozoan is entamoeba histolytica, which causes amebic dysentery One example of a disease-causing protozoan is entamoeba histolytica, which causes amebic dysentery

Flagellates Contain a flagellum (allows movement) Contain a flagellum (allows movement) Diseases cause by flagellates: Diseases cause by flagellates: Giardiasis Giardiasis Tricamonhas infection Tricamonhas infection African sleeping sickness African sleeping sickness

Ciliates Tiny hairlike structures Tiny hairlike structures Beat in a rhythmic fashion Beat in a rhythmic fashion Covers surface of cells Covers surface of cells Balantidium causes diaria (only ciliate that causes diesease) Balantidium causes diaria (only ciliate that causes diesease) All soluble nutrients are absorbed in the cell All soluble nutrients are absorbed in the cell All residue is eliminated All residue is eliminated

Sporozoans These are parasites that live inside a host, where the cause disease These are parasites that live inside a host, where the cause disease Contain no structures for movement Contain no structures for movement Most common are species of plasmodium Most common are species of plasmodium Causes Malaria Causes Malaria

Diseases

Entanmoeba histolytica Causes amebic dysentery Causes amebic dysentery Infects predominantly humans and other primates Infects predominantly humans and other primates Cause infections when swallowed Cause infections when swallowed Infections can last for years Infections can last for years No symptoms No symptoms Transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water or food Transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water or food Is not “uncommon” in tropics and arctics Is not “uncommon” in tropics and arctics Amoeba usually remains in the gastrointestinal tract of the hosts Amoeba usually remains in the gastrointestinal tract of the hosts All people have the potential of becoming infected All people have the potential of becoming infected Filtration is the most practical method for recovery Filtration is the most practical method for recovery

African Sleeping Sickness Caused by Trypanosomiasis Caused by Trypanosomiasis Can be contracted in Western and Central Africa Can be contracted in Western and Central Africa Is caused through the bite of an infected fly (tsetse) Is caused through the bite of an infected fly (tsetse) If left untreated, death will occur If left untreated, death will occur Symptons include: fever, rash, swelling around the eyes, hands, severe headaches, extreme fatigue, aching muscles, etc. Symptons include: fever, rash, swelling around the eyes, hands, severe headaches, extreme fatigue, aching muscles, etc. There is no vaccination available There is no vaccination available On the average, 20,000 cases are reported each year worldwide On the average, 20,000 cases are reported each year worldwide

Balantidium Coli A parasite of many species of animals A parasite of many species of animals Causes diarrhea Causes diarrhea Can be infected through contaminated water or food Can be infected through contaminated water or food Locates in the large intestine Locates in the large intestine Invades the mucosa Invades the mucosa

Malaria Leading cause of death and disease in many countries Leading cause of death and disease in many countries Passed by mosquitoes from one human to another Passed by mosquitoes from one human to another Parasites grow and multiply in humans Parasites grow and multiply in humans Symptoms: Symptoms:-fever-chills-sweats -vomiting, nausea This disease is typically curable This disease is typically curable 41% of the world's population is exposed to malaria 41% of the world's population is exposed to malaria Malaria causes more than 300 million episodes of acute illness every year Malaria causes more than 300 million episodes of acute illness every year At least one million deaths occur every year due to malaria. At least one million deaths occur every year due to malaria.

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