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Contents Gram positive VS Gram negative Classification Identification Characteristic S.aureus MRSA Disease Other staphylococci Prevention and Treatment Q&A Quiz

Gram-positive vs Gram-negative

Classification

Identification Catalase test Coagulase test , mannitol salt agar S. aureus : positive

Characteristic spherical cells (1 m) arranged in grapelike clusters encapsulated Gram positive Non-motile, non-spore forming catalase (+) Normal flora of humans found on nasal passages, skin, mucous membranes

S. aureus Large, round, opaque colonies Facultative anaerobe withstand high salt, extremes in pH, and high temperature Hemolysis a troublesome hospital pathogen

Enzymes

Toxins

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) MRSA is hard to treat because it cannot be killed by many common antibiotics. MRSA can infect any part of the body

Disease Localized cutaneous infections Carbuncle Impetigo folliculitis Diseases resulting from direct organ invasion Osteomyelitis, pneumonia, acute endocarditis, septic arthritis, meningitis, skin infection

Disease Diseases caused by exotoxin release 1. Food intoxication 2. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) 3. toxic shock syndrome (TSS)  

Food poisoning Enterotoxin Food borne transmission Suddenly vomit, diarrhea, No fever, rash

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Newborn Exfoliative toxin Dequamation of the epidermidis

Toxic Shock Syndrome Initially associated with retained highly absorbent tampon Staphylococcus aureus → exotoxin production Fever, vomiting, diarrhea → renal failure and shock Generalized rash followed by desquamation of skin

Other Staphylococci S. epidermidis 7.5% NaCl Coagulase – negative staphylococci (CNS) Mannitol fermentation X S. epidermidis 7.5% NaCl Normal habitat in the skin & mucous membranes endocarditis, bacteremia, urinary tract infections S. hominis in skin areas high in apocrine gland S. capitis the scalp, face, external ear

Other Staphylococci S. saprophyticus Clinical Disease : Acute Urethral Syndrome Cystitis Pyelonephritis Urinary tract infetion Diagnosis : non-mannital fermentor, Novobiocin resistant

Prevention and Treatment -hand washing -adequate cleansing of surgical incisions and burns Treatment - antibiotics(penicillin, methicillin, vancomycin) - surgically perforated and cleared of pus

Q&A

Quiz

1. Which are not related with Staphylococcus aureus? ① Oxidase positive ② Nitrate reductase ③ Coagulase producing ④ Mannitol degradation ⑤ DNA degradation

3. Which enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus causes invasion of skin and subcutaneous tissue? ① Coagulase ② Hyaluronidase ③ Lipase ④ Fibrinolysin ⑤ Nuclease

2. Which are not characters of Staphylococcus aureus 2. Which are not characters of Staphylococcus aureus? ① They develop well in high salt(NaCl 7.5%). ② They cause beta-hemolysis in sheep blood agar. ③ They degradate glucose only oxidatively. ④ They produce yellow colony. ⑤ They can be curtured in mannitol salt agar.

4. What is not the extracellular enzyme that is produced by Staphylococcus aureus? ① Coagulase ② Lipase ③ Hyaluronidase ④ DNase ⑤ Oxidase

5. Which are not related with the toxin that cause food poisoning 5. Which are not related with the toxin that cause food poisoning? ① It is enterotoxin. ② It is Exotoxin. ③ It is destroyed in 100℃ for 30 minutes. ④ It is produced by pathogenic Staphylococci. ⑤ It is occurred in 2 to 6 hours after eating food.

6. What is the disease that caused by Staphylococcus aureus 6. What is the disease that caused by Staphylococcus aureus? a) Skin disease just like boil b) Pneumonia c) Food poisoning d) Osteomyelitis ① a, b, c ② a, c ③ b, d ④ d ⑤ a, b, c, d

7. Which bacteria is positive to coagulase 7. Which bacteria is positive to coagulase? a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Staphylococcus saprophyticus c) Staphylococcus hominis d) Staphylococcus aureus ① a, b, c ② a, c ③ b, d ⑤ a, b, c, d ④ d