Seminar 4 Applied Behavior Analysis I PS 360 Israel A. Sarasti, Ph.D.

Advance Organizer Unit 3 Review Unit 3 Review Schedules of reinforcement/contingencies Schedules of reinforcement/contingencies Stimulus control Stimulus control Extinction Extinction Unit 4 project/Summary Unit 4 project/Summary

Unit 3 Review Positive reinforcement (______) Positive reinforcement (______) A response is followed closely in time by a stimulus change that results in an increased frequency of similar response in the future. A response is followed closely in time by a stimulus change that results in an increased frequency of similar response in the future. Motivation operations Motivation operations _______ _______ Negative reinforcement (______) Negative reinforcement (______) Termination, reduction, or postponement of a stimulus contingent 0n the occurrence of a response which leads to the future occurrence of that response. Termination, reduction, or postponement of a stimulus contingent 0n the occurrence of a response which leads to the future occurrence of that response. _______ _______ Punishment Punishment When a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of similar responses. When a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of similar responses. _______ _______

Schedules of Reinforcement A schedule of reinforcement is a ______ that described the ______ of reinforcement. A schedule of reinforcement is a ______ that described the ______ of reinforcement. Continuous reinforcement (CRF) Continuous reinforcement (CRF) Intermittent reinforcement (INT) Intermittent reinforcement (INT) Ratio schedules ________________________ Ratio schedules ________________________ Fixed ratio (FR) Fixed ratio (FR) Variable ratio (VR) Variable ratio (VR) Interval schedules ______________________ Interval schedules ______________________ Fixed interval (FI) Fixed interval (FI) Variable interval (VI) Variable interval (VI)

Schedules of Reinforcement Thinning of Intermittent Reinforcement Thinning of Intermittent Reinforcement Done by gradually _______ the response ratio or by gradually _______ the duration of the interval. Done by gradually _______ the response ratio or by gradually _______ the duration of the interval. Ratio strain Ratio strain DRH and DRL DRH and DRL Compound Schedules of reinforcement Compound Schedules of reinforcement Concurrent schedules Concurrent schedules Discriminative schedules Discriminative schedules

Stimulus Control Stimulus control occurs when a rate, latency, duration or amplitude of a response is altered in the presence of an antecedent stimulus. Stimulus control occurs when a rate, latency, duration or amplitude of a response is altered in the presence of an antecedent stimulus. Needs to produce R+ Needs to produce R+ S D S D Concept formation Concept formation Antecedent stimulus class Antecedent stimulus class

Stimulus Control Stimulus Equivalence Stimulus Equivalence Reflexivity Reflexivity Symmetry Symmetry Transitivity Transitivity Prompts Prompts Verbal Verbal Modeling Modeling Physical guidance Physical guidance Transfer of Stimulus Control Transfer of Stimulus Control Most to least/least to most Most to least/least to most Graduated Graduated Time dealy Time dealy

Extinction Extinction occurs when reinforcement of previously reinforced behavior is discontinued and as a result the frequency of the behavior decreases. Extinction occurs when reinforcement of previously reinforced behavior is discontinued and as a result the frequency of the behavior decreases. Extinction procedures Extinction procedures R+ R+ R- R- Extinction effects Extinction effects Using extinction effectively Using extinction effectively

Extinction Punishment Punishment Decreases behavior Decreases behavior Positive punishmentPositive punishment Negative punishmentNegative punishment Recovery from punishmentRecovery from punishment Conditioned/unconditioned punishers Conditioned/unconditioned punishers Factors that influence the effectiveness of punishment Factors that influence the effectiveness of punishment Examples of Punishment Examples of Punishment

Unit 4 Project/ Summary Theoretical introduction Theoretical introduction 2 to 4 pages, 12 pt 2 to 4 pages, 12 pt Use your book as a reference Use your book as a reference Schedules Schedules Stimulus control Stimulus control Extinction Extinction