Water Transportation Technology Of Today Mr. Plansinis

Water Transportation The transportation of people or freight in and/or on a body of water. The transportation of people or freight in and/or on a body of water.

Efficiency Two types of marine vessel efficiency Two types of marine vessel efficiency HydrodynamicHydrodynamic The ability to cut through water effortlessly The ability to cut through water effortlessly EconomicEconomic The ability to produce profit by carrying people or freight The ability to produce profit by carrying people or freight

Design Trade-offs Based on several factors Based on several factors Nature of the water wayNature of the water way How deep is the waterway? How deep is the waterway? How wide is the waterway? How wide is the waterway? How much traffic is there on the water way? How much traffic is there on the water way? What are the water and weather conditions of the waterway. What are the water and weather conditions of the waterway. Type of FreightType of Freight Liquid, Solid or Granular? Liquid, Solid or Granular? Can the freight be exposed to the weather? Can the freight be exposed to the weather? Travel Speed neededTravel Speed needed When must the freight be delivered? When must the freight be delivered? How important is on time delivery? How important is on time delivery? Will the freight spoil if deliver is delayed? Will the freight spoil if deliver is delayed?

Hull Types Displacement – Displace a volume of water equal to the mass of the vessel. Displacement – Displace a volume of water equal to the mass of the vessel.

Hull Types Planning Hull – These hulls have flat bottoms and ride higher in the water than displacement hulls. Tend to lift toward the surface and ride ontop of the water at full speed. Planning Hull – These hulls have flat bottoms and ride higher in the water than displacement hulls. Tend to lift toward the surface and ride ontop of the water at full speed.

Parts of a Hull

Hull Designs – Cross sectional Views Flat Bottom Multiple HullGull Wing Round BottomVee Bottom

Hull Efficiency The ideal freight carrying boat hull, in economic terms would meet the following criteria: The ideal freight carrying boat hull, in economic terms would meet the following criteria: Have the greatest possible freight capacity.Have the greatest possible freight capacity. Be hydrodynamically designed.Be hydrodynamically designed. Permit the easies and fastest motion while using the least amount of energy.Permit the easies and fastest motion while using the least amount of energy.

Resistance – Bow Wave Making Bow Wave Making As the boat moves through the water it must cut the water infront of it. An amount of water, equal to the mass of the boat, is displaced in this separation. This separation creates waves of water that push back against the hull and absorb energy.

Bow Wave Making

Stern Eddie Making After the bow separates the water, and the boat moves forward, the water rushes back in behind the boat. This cause swirling eddies against the stern. Create backward drag that absorbs energy from the boat.

Stern Eddie Making

Skin Friction Water is a viscous fluid that tends to stick to the side of a moving hull, and dragged along with the moving vessel. Smooth hulls reduce skin friction

Hull Performance Factors Buoyancy- An object placed in liquid will push down on the liquid because of gravity. At the same time liquid will push up on the object. The object in the liquid will displace a volume of water equal to the weight of the object.

The density of the immersed object relative to the density of the fluid is easily calculated without measuring any volumes:

Stability A stable vessel must stay upright under all reasonable conditions (wind, waves… etc.)

Three conditions of Stability Unstable Stable Neutral

Center of Gravity The Focus Point in an object of gravitational pull is called its center of gravity. The center of gravity of a boat hull should be low to improve its stability.

Gross Tonnage Number of cubic feet of enclosed space inside a hull. Measured in 100 Cubic Feet increments.

Net Tonnage Also a cubic foot measurement. Space inside the ship used to hull the revenue producing cargo. Does not include spaces such as: Cabins, Engine Room, Etc…

Dead Weight Tonnage Total Freight carrying capacity of the vessel. Expressed in long tons (2240 pounds) Total weigh of the cargo, crew, supplies, fuel, etc..

Payload to Hull Weight Ratio Expressed as a percentage. Dead Weight Tonnage / the wight of the hull * 100