Hanoi – December 16, 2013

Contents Overview on Water, Energy and Food in the World and Vietnam from sectoral perspectives Introduction of Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus Recommendations in using WEF nexus for sustainable urban development in Vietnam

ENERGY World’s energy demand Source: World Energy Outlook 2010

Water for Energy, Energy for Water Source: Water, Energy and Climate Change, WCSBD, 2009

FOOD Demand on food of the World Current population: about 7 billions; in 2030 the figure can be 8,5 billion => need 50% more of food Food production and its pressure on water Currently, total water volum exploited annually: billion m3; about 70% (2.700 billion m3) used for agricultural sector to produce food Nearly 95% of exploited water in developing countries is used for irrigation purpose

WATER RESOURCES The World is facing to water scarcity (according to UN, FAO, WWF) Current population: about 7 billions; in 2030 the figure can be 8,5 billion => need 30% more of water Man has been using more than 50% of exploitable fresh water and will use up to 2/3 of it in 2025 There will be 7 million people in 60 different countries facing to water scarcity by the mid of this century

Overview on Water, Energy, Food situations in Vietnam Energy: Due to high demand of energy consumption => using of electricity will increase % per annum….and most electricity is generated by hydropower plants Food: Viet Nam will have about 130 million people in 2035 and will require 36 millions of rice for that big population. Water: The amount of surface water per capita in 2010 was 3,850 m3 (South East Asian Institute of Water Resources and Environment) => Vietnam is in the group of countries of water shortages according to International Water Resources Association

Vietnam Water Sector Review– ADB, 2009

Sectoral approach and problems in urbans of Vietnam Suburban areas- agricultural production Inundation Drought Water shortage for irrigation Life in the city: Flooding Lack of water supply Lack of electricity for daily use and production

Change the mindset in water resources management ! Think of cross-sectoral approach That it…..Applying Water-Energy-Food nexus approach Take Water-Energy-Food as three main pillars of security that link with each other closely and organically and need to deal with together to ensure sustainable urban development

CROSS-SECTORAL INTEGRATION  Enabling Environment  Institutional Roles  Management Instruments Water for Industry & Other Uses Water for People Water for Nature Water for Food IWRM Elements and Subsectors ELEMENTS WEF nexus

So what is Water-Energy-Food nexus? Concept and methodology: quite new; recent 4 or 5 years Begin with a call from company’s CEO at The World Economic Forum 2008 in Davos-Kloster – Actions for Water Continue at the same forum in 2009: recommendation of World Economic Forum Water Initiative and adoption of Global Agenda Council on Water Security

Bonn 2011 Conference initiated “The Water Energy and Food Security Nexus – Solutions for the Green Economy”. The conference discussed and concluded that water, energy and food security was closely linked and they need to be addressed in a integration manner with the cooperation of all actors from all three sectors Also the conference agreed on abbreviation of the approach: WEF Nexus (Water – Energy – Food Nexus)

WEF Nexus can be understood that Water, energy and food have close, interactive and inseparable relationships. For example: Hydropower plant needs a stable water supply source to produce energy. No water, no hydropower. Farmers need water for irrigation. No water, no food. People also need energy to produce food and energy as well as to treat water Some energy industries need agricultural products as inputs to generate energy (bio-diesel)

WEF Nexus Source: Water-Energy-Food Nexus, IUCN

Recommendation in applying WEF Nexus approach for sustainable urban development in Vietnam! Source:

THANK YOU! Nguyễn Đức Vinh