US IMPERIALISM

HISTORIC ISOLATION o Washington’s Farewell Address o Monroe Doctrine o Internal expansion o Geographic isolation

AMERICAN IMPERIALISM?

WHY DID THE UNITED STATES BECOME AN IMPERIAL POWER???

1. COMMERCIAL INTERESTS o Industrialization and surplus product o Wealth of the Orient o James Hill distributes wheat cookbooks in China

2. FRONTIER o “Frontier Thesis,” 1893 o Connection to broader frontier

3. SEA POWER: EVERYONE ELSE IS DOING IT!

3. SEA POWER o Alfred Thayer Mahan

4. SOCIAL DARWINISM

INTERVENTION

“HAWAII FOR HAWAIIANS”

CUBA – YELLOW JOURNALISM

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR o Is attack on 1 ship provocation for war? o Should the US gov protect private investments? o Teller Amendment o Teller owned sugar plantations in Hawaii o Platt Amendment

CONQUEST

US BECOMES AN IMPERIAL POWER o Treaty of Paris: 1898 o Anti-Imperialist League  Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders

DID CITIZENSHIP FOLLOW THE FLAG? Constitution has no provision for colonies Puerto Rico  Foraker Acts  Congress is in complete control  No citizenship or path to statehood (until 1917)  No autonomy (until 1947) Philippines  Insular Cases –  Constitutional rights do not automatically extended to colonies and territorial possessions Hawaii  Traditional territory with path to statehood  Presence of white American settlers mattered

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY “Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the western hemisphere, the adherence of the U.S. to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of international police power.”  Over twenty interventions in next twenty years

THE CYCLE OF INTERVENTION U.S. forces become embroiled in the countries' internal political disputes the United States trained and funded a police force and military to maintain order sponsor an election intended to put into power a strong leader supportive of American interests Despotic ruleInternal rebellion

“BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY Great White Fleet

DOLLAR DIPLOMACY

MORAL DIPLOMACY Balance: recognize desires to self-govern and maintain economic interests

US INTERVENTION IN LATIN AMERICA: S

ANTI-IMPERIALISTS o Racial grounds o Diversity = bad o Colonies are inconsistent with democracy o Against our historic mission o Need to focus on domestic issues