The Future Tense

We use it when we think something is going to happen very soon.

Example : Jamie is hungry. She is going to eat the biscuit.

Affirmative and Negative statements AffirmativeNegative Going toBase verbSubject+ to be Not going toBase verb I am You are (Singular) You are He/she/it is Going toeatHe/she/it isNot going toeat You are (plural) You are They are

Yes and No Questions To be+ subjectGoing toBase verbAffirmative Short answers Negative Short answers Am+ I Going toeat? Yes, I am.No, I’m not. Are + you (singular) Yes, you are.No, you aren’t. Is he/she/itYes, He/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t. Are you (Plural) Yes, we are.No, you aren’t. Are theyYes, they are.No, they aren’t.

Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Wh- Questions Wh- wordTo besubjectGoing toBase verb What Where Whenishegoing toeat? Why How Who

Note : in written English, whom is used instead of who for the object. Who are you going to see? Who is used for everyday spoken English. Whom are you going to see? Whom is used for formal written English.

Future Time Expressions Time expression is a word or group of words that are used to tell us when the action happens.  Examples of future time expressions:  Next Friday  in eight days  tomorrow

Where do we place future time expressions? We place them at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. In eight days, Paul is going to come home. or Paul is going to come home in eight days. Note: we use a comma(,) after time expression when it is at the beginning of the sentence.

Remember We use yesterday time expressions like yesterday and last with the past tense only.

nexttomorrowinOther expressions week month weekend Next summer Friday morning afternoon tomorrow evening night ten minutes three hours in four days five weeks six months two years soon tonight the day after tomorrow a week from today/now

The Present Continuous As a Future Tense We use the present continuous ( to be+ verb ing) to talk about future plans. We often use time expressions ( this morning, at 1:00, in five hours…) with the present continuous. 1-John is meeting the director in 20 minutes. 2-He is seeing the director at this morning.

Subject+ verb to beVerb+ ing I’m You’re (singular) He’smeetingThe director in 20 minutes. She’s We’re You’re (plural) They’re

-We use the present continuous especially with verbs of movement and transport such as: To come, to go, to fly, to travel, to leave, to work, to prepare, to return Lama is coming home at tomorrow. -We can use to be going to for future plans. Steve is going to leave New York in two hours.

Be careful: we cannot use the present continuous for future prediction. - Correct: Look at those clouds! it’s going to rain tomorrow. -Incorrect: Look at those clouds! it’s raining tomorrow.

We use will for the future to make predictions about what we think will happen. -Scientists will find a cure for cancer one day. -One day, people will go on holiday to the moon. We also use will for the future when we decide to do something at the moment of speaking. -Those shoes are very comfortable, I’ll buy them.

Affirmative and Negative Statements SubjectWill (not)Base verb I will Will not Won’t go. You (singular) He/she/it We You (plural) They

Yes or No Questions willsubjectverbAffirmative short answers Negative short answers Will IYes, I will.No, I won’t. you (singular) go? Yes, you will.No, you won’t. he/she/itYes, he will. Yes, she will. Yes, it will. No, he won’t. No, she won’t. No, it won’t. weYes, we will.No, we won’t. You (plural)Yes, you will.No, you won’t. theyYes, they will.No, they won’t.

Correct : Yes, they will. Incorrect: yes they’ll.

Wh- Questions Wh- wordWillSubjectBase verb What will Ido? Whereyoustay? WhenHe/she/itknow? Whywewait? Howyouplay? How longtheysee? Who

Note In formal English, the wh- word used as an object would be whom. Whom will they see?

Important Note We don’t use will for the future when plans were made before this moment. Angie: what are your plans for tomorrow? Dany: we’re going to drive to the south of France./We’re driving to the south of France. Incorrect: we’ll drive to the south of France.

Modal Verb Shall Shall can be used sometime for the future. IT is generally used to offer to do something. -Shall we call a taxi? -Shall I help you?

May, Might, Will Possibility: May and might are used to talk about something that is possible now or in the future. I might/may go to Mexico next year. You might/may have a problem with your computer. May and might have the same meaning. They both express possibility. Might is more remote possibility.

May and Might Versus will and to be going to We use will and to be going to or the present continuous when we are certain about something. I’ll be late. (It’s certain.) I’m going to be late. ( It’s certain.) He’s not coming tonight. (We know that he won’t come.) We use may or might when we are not certain. I might/may arrive late. (It’s possible.)

May Permission We can also use may to give, refuse, or ask for permission. We do not use might for these cases. May I use the phone? You may use a dictionary during the test. You may not go early.

Affirmative statementsNegative statements subjectMay\ might may might Base verb go SubjectMay/might not may not might not Base verb go II You (singular) You He She It We You (plural) You They

Future Time Clauses with Before, After, and When I will do my homework. (Main clause in the future tense) Before I go to bed, I will do my homework. time clause main clause I will do my homework before I go to bed. main clause time clause Don’t forget to add a comma when the time clause comes before the main clause.

Before, After and When A future time clause can begin with before, after and when. When a time clause refers to the future, the verb is in the simple present. We can put the time clause before or after the main clause. They both have the same meaning. - She’ll wear her new suit when she goes to the interview. -When she goes to the interview, she’ll wear her new suit.

Note Correct : Before I go to be, I will do my homework. Incorrect: Before I go to bed.

Time clause Main clause Simple presentFuture BeforeIgoto bed,IWill doMy homework. Whenshegoesto the interview, sheWill wear Her new suit. Afterwefinis h to test,weWill goHome.

Future (Type 1) conditional sentences The conditional sentence is the sentence that contains if. We use future conditional sentences to say hat ne situation in the future depends on another situation. If I have time tomorrow, I will visit you. ( I may or may not have time, so I may or may not visit you)

Conditional Sentences A conditional sentence has a main clause and dependent clause that starts with if. We call this type of dependent clause an if clause. An if clause can come before or after the main clause.  If I have time, I will see you. If clause main clause  I will see you if I have time. Main clause if clause

Conditional Sentences In future conditional sentences, we use the simple present in an if clause to express future time. We use future tense in the main clause. If I have time, I will see you. Simple present future tense When if clause comes first, don’t forget to add the comma after it.

Important Note Correct : If I have time tomorrow, I will visit you. Incorrect: If I will have time tomorrow, I will visit you. Will is never used in the if clause.

The simple present with time clause and if clause We can use the simple present in both the dependent and the main clause when: The action is habitual. When I go to Mexico, I usually stay with my grandmother. (it happens all the time.) We are expressing something which is always true. If the temperature falls below zero, water turns to ice. (Always true.)