Science TAKS: Bell Ringers Prepared for the Scurry-Rosser High School Science Department Objective 4, I.08A Distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter such as oxidation, digestion, changes in states, and stages in the rock cycle

Important Definitions Change of state – When a substance changes from one state, or phase, of matter to another we say that it has undergone a change of state, or we say that it has undergone a change of phase. –Solid to liquid, liquid to solid, liquid to gas, etc. Chemical change - changes substances undergo when they become new or different substances. Digestion - The process by which food is broken down into simple chemical compounds that can be absorbed and used as nutrients or eliminated by the body. In most animals, nutrients are obtained from food by the action of digestive enzymes. In humans and other higher vertebrates, digestion takes place mainly in the small intestine. In protists and some invertebrates, digestion occurs by phagocytosis Oxidation - Any chemical reaction in which a material gives up electrons, as when the material combines with oxygen. Burning is an example of rapid oxidation; rusting is an example of slow oxidationchemical reactionelectronsoxygen Physical change - a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition. i.e. A change in the appearance of matter. –Examples: melting, cutting, breaking, grinding, painting, etc. Rock Cycle, Stages of - the process by which rocks are formed, altered, destroyed, and reformed by geological processes and which is recurrent, returning to a starting point

#1) Which of the following processes is an example of a physical change associated with an oak tree? A. Decomposition of bark by bracket fungi B. Starches and sugars being broken down during energy production C. Water and carbon dioxide being converted to glucose D. Evaporation of water from the surfaces of leaves State Average: 27% correct

#2) Compounds with the same chemical composition may have different densities because they -- F. have differences in reactivity G. are able to bond with oxygen H. vary in solubility J. exist in different phases State Average: 30% correct

#3) Which of these changes in rocks is a physical change? A. Acid rain damaging marble B. Iron in rock combining with oxygen to form hematite C. An ice wedge shattering a slab of shale D. Carbonic acid weathering limestone State Average: 37% correct

#4) The diagram shows physical changes that occur in the water cycle. Which of these shows condensation? F. T G. S H. R J. Q State Average: 37% correct

Moon Chemistry Samples collected by Apollo astronauts have provided new data about the moon. Some of these samples consisted of lunar soil, a fine-grained, sand-like material produced as a result of the destruction of moon rocks. Traces of beryllium-10 were found in the samples. Beryllium-10 is carried by the solar wind, which transports elements from the sun’s surface and deposits them on the moon. The solar wind may also result in the formation of new substances. Tiny teardrops of iron and specks of molybdenum were found inside the particles of lunar soil. This is interesting because these elements have not been found in an uncombined state on Earth. The metal oxides they originally were part of were possibly changed when bombarded by the positively charged particles of the solar wind. Another interesting find was tiny (1 to 3 micrometers in length) crystals of silver sulfide. Because similar particles are found on Earth, it has been hypothesized that these crystals were created at a time when the moon had a molten core.

Answer this question after reading the slide, “Moon Chemistry” #5) Which process in the rock cycle is most likely responsible for moon rocks being converted to lunar soil? A. Metamorphism B. Weathering C. Sedimentation D. Volcanism State Average: 56% correct

TAKS Question Set 5 Answers #1D #2J #3C #4 F #5B