Latin I Noun Review

Let’s review nouns! What is a noun? – Person, place, thing, or idea What is a declension? – Group of nouns with the same endings How do I know what first declension is? – Look for the noun to end in “a” in nominative singular and “ae” in genitive singular What does that mean?

How to determine declension Look at the dictionary entry for the word – The first word is the nominative singular form What is nominative? The noun we use for the subject – The second word is the genitive singular What is genitive? The noun we use to show possession. 1 st declension: ends in –a (nom) and –ae (gen) 2 nd declension: ends in –us (nom) and –i (gen)

What does 1 st declension look like? SingularPlural Nominative-a-ae Genitive-ae-arum Dative-ae-is Accusative-am-as Ablative-a (with a macron) -is

How does declining work? Take the genitive singular word and take off the genitive ending. – Ex: puellae-ae= puell Now you have your stem. Put your stem in your chart and add the endings.

1 st declension example SingularPlural Nominativepuellapuellae Genitivepuellaepuellarum Dativepuellaepuellis Accusativepuellampuellas Ablativepuella (with macron) puellis

How to translate SingularPlural Nominative (subject) “the girl”“the girls” Genitive (possession) “of the girl”“of the girls” Dative (indirect object) “to/for the girl”“to/for the girls” Accusative (direct object) “the girl”“the girls” Ablative (obj. of preps) “by/with/from the girl” “by/with/from the girls”

What about second declension? It acts the exact same way with different endings! SingularPlural Nominative-us-i Genitive-i-orum Dative-o-is Accusative-um-os Ablative-o-is

2 nd declension Take the genitive singular word and take off the genitive ending. – Ex: carrus-us=carr Now you have your stem. Put your stem in your chart and add the endings.

2 nd declension example SingularPlural Nominativecarruscarri Genitivecarricarrorum Dativecarrocarris Accusativecarrumcarros Ablativecarrocarris

Functions of each case CaseFunctionExample NominativeSubject or predicate nominative The girl loves. The girl is pretty. GenitivePossessionThe cart of the farmer is heavy. DativeIndirect objectI give the letter to Mary. AccusativeDirect object or object of certain preps The farmer loves his horse. I sail to France. AblativeObject of prepositionsJane enjoys baking with Sally.

Let’s practice! Decline memoria, memoriae (f) memory. Decline victoria, victoriae (f) victory. Decline carrus, carri (m) cart. Decline equus, equi (m) horse.

Give the following Latin word: Puella in nominative plural Pugna in ablative singular Iniuria in dative plural Servus in genitive singular Insula in dative plural Familia in nominative singular Cibus in accusative singular Aqua in accusative plural

Translate into English: Insulis (dative) Aquam Victoriae (genitive) Victoriae (dative) Victoriae (nominative) Equi (genitive) Carro (ablative) Provinciae (nominative)

Translate into English Poenis (ablative) Poenis (dative) Nautas Nautam Unda (ablative) Pecuniae (genitive) Cibi (nominative) Reginae (dative)

Give the following Latin word(s): Of the money To/for the sailor Towards the queen The shape is flat. I gave the letter to Anna. Tell the farmer the answer. Let’s vacation on the island. I will sail towards the battle.