GREAT BRITAIN

What do we call Great Britain? 1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2. the UK 3. Britain 4. England 5. Albion 6. the British Isles 7. from Land’s End to John O’Groats 8. Ireland: Ulster (North), Eire (Irish Republic)

A Bit of Geography! Main parts: England – London Scotland – Edinburgh Wales – Cardiff Northern Ireland – Belfast Water resources: the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Irish Sea, English Channel. the Thames, the Mersey, the Tyne, the Clyde, lake Loch Ness the Thames, the Mersey, the Tyne, the Clyde, lake Loch Ness

1. The Cambrian Mountains, the Pennines, the Grampian Mountains 2. Outlying territories: the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, Isle of Man, Isla of Wight, the Isles of Scilly.

Pre-Celtic Period first inhabitants – Picts first inhabitants – Picts got their name form the scary masks they wore during the fight got their name form the scary masks they wore during the fight some believe they lived in Scotland, some say they were a branch of Celtic tribes some believe they lived in Scotland, some say they were a branch of Celtic tribes are thought to be very free-loving, ready to self sacrifice, having high level of discipline and self-organization are thought to be very free-loving, ready to self sacrifice, having high level of discipline and self-organization

CELTIC PERIOD started settling in GB in 1 st c. BC, by 5 th c. BC they took the biggest part of GB started settling in GB in 1 st c. BC, by 5 th c. BC they took the biggest part of GB they were called “gaulls” “britts” they were called “gaulls” “britts” inhabited the south-eastern and central part of GB inhabited the south-eastern and central part of GB are the ancestors of Scots (шотландцы), Cymrs (валлийцы), Eirs / Ulds(айры улэды ирландцы) are the ancestors of Scots (шотландцы), Cymrs (валлийцы), Eirs / Ulds(айры улэды ирландцы)

Celts as a tribe were militant and cruel were militant and cruel were mostly occupied by wars, though introduced farming and cattle breeding were mostly occupied by wars, though introduced farming and cattle breeding had a high level of individualism had a high level of individualism beheld physical power and beauty beheld physical power and beauty left a lot of military and culture monuments left a lot of military and culture monuments

Roman Conquest BC – the first attempt of Julius Caesar to conquer GB (failure) BC – the first attempt of Julius Caesar to conquer GB (failure) by the 1 st c. AD the central and the southern part were under Roman rule by the 1 st c. AD the central and the southern part were under Roman rule reasons: constant wars btw Celts, military advantage of Romans reasons: constant wars btw Celts, military advantage of Romans lasted for almost 350 years lasted for almost 350 years

Results of Roman Rule rapid cultural development rapid cultural development transference of GB from paganism to Christianity transference of GB from paganism to Christianity introduction of technical progress introduction of technical progress influence upon the English language influence upon the English language introduction of Latin introduction of Latin

GERMANIC TRIBES in 410 they started raiding GB, in 430 they began to settle in 410 they started raiding GB, in 430 they began to settle Saxons, Angles, Jutes Saxons, Angles, Jutes this migration gave name to England, i.e. “the land of Angles” this migration gave name to England, i.e. “the land of Angles” Celts were driven to the mountains, some stayed as slaves Celts were driven to the mountains, some stayed as slaves formed 6 kingdoms formed 6 kingdoms

THE VIKINGS invaded from Norway and Denmark in 865 invaded from Norway and Denmark in 865 the rule was called “Danelaw” the rule was called “Danelaw” were driven away from Britain by Edward the Confessor were driven away from Britain by Edward the Confessor

Norman Conquest October 10, 1066 October 10, 1066 William the Conqueror ( ) William the Conqueror ( ) for 300 years England lost its independence for 300 years England lost its independence Made “Domesday Book” (general sensus) (1086) Made “Domesday Book” (general sensus) (1086)

House of Normandy William I established the most powerful monarchy, made general census “Doomsday Book” 1086 William I established the most powerful monarchy, made general census “Doomsday Book” 1086 William I had 3 sons: William II, Robert, Henry William I had 3 sons: William II, Robert, Henry Robert went to the Holy Land, William II died in the hunting accident, Henry I grabbed the power Robert went to the Holy Land, William II died in the hunting accident, Henry I grabbed the power Matilda (Henry I’s daughter) married Geoffrey Plantagenet Matilda (Henry I’s daughter) married Geoffrey Plantagenet Stephen of Blois – Henry I’s nephew Stephen of Blois – Henry I’s nephew

House of Normandy

House of Plantagenet Henry II was Introduced the Manor Law Henry II was Introduced the Manor Law England and France practically became one country England and France practically became one country John signed The Great Charter in 1215 John signed The Great Charter in 1215 During the rule of Henry III Simon de Montfort suggested the “parley” in 1258 During the rule of Henry III Simon de Montfort suggested the “parley” in 1258 Edward I made his eldest son the Prince of Wales Edward I made his eldest son the Prince of Wales William Wallace & Robert Bruce William Wallace & Robert Bruce Edward III started The Hundred Years War Edward III started The Hundred Years War “Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense” “Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense” the Black Death the Black Death 1396 the Bible translated in English 1396 the Bible translated in English

House of Plantagenet. Part 1.

House of Plantagenet. Part 2.

House of Lancaster Henry IV introduced idea of burning Lollards Henry IV introduced idea of burning Lollards Henry V (together with Richard I) was loved by people Henry V (together with Richard I) was loved by people Henry VI was helped by John duke of Bedford Henry VI was helped by John duke of Bedford After John’s death 100 Years War ended After John’s death 100 Years War ended Henry VI grew up simple-minded & book- loving, founded Ethon & King’s Colledges Henry VI grew up simple-minded & book- loving, founded Ethon & King’s Colledges The War of Roses ( ) – name given by Walter Scott The War of Roses ( ) – name given by Walter Scott Henry VI died (murdered) in the Tower Henry VI died (murdered) in the Tower

House of Lancaster

House of York Edward IV’s 2 sons (Edward V & his brother) were put into the Tower by Richard of Gloucester Edward IV’s 2 sons (Edward V & his brother) were put into the Tower by Richard of Gloucester Richard III wasn’t popular and Henry Tudor, duke of Richmond claimed the Crown Richard III wasn’t popular and Henry Tudor, duke of Richmond claimed the Crown

House of York

House of Tudor Henry VII was a brilliant business man & politician, earned 2 mln Henry VII was a brilliant business man & politician, earned 2 mln Henry VIII destroyed relations with the Pope of Rome and became the Head of the Church Henry VIII destroyed relations with the Pope of Rome and became the Head of the Church Mary I “Bloody” killed 300 Protestants Mary I “Bloody” killed 300 Protestants Elizabeth I – the most powerful female monarch Elizabeth I – the most powerful female monarch

Henry VIII

House of Tudor. Part 1.

House of Tudor. Part 2

House of Stuart James I – the power of the King is divine, ruled without Parliament for a while James I – the power of the King is divine, ruled without Parliament for a while Charles I ruled without Parliament Charles I ruled without Parliament 1605 Guy Fawlkes tried to blow the Parliament 1605 Guy Fawlkes tried to blow the Parliament war btw “Cavaliers” and “Roundheads”. Parliamentarians won war btw “Cavaliers” and “Roundheads”. Parliamentarians won Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector, time of Republic Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector, time of Republic Charles II gave birth to “Whigs” & “Tories” Charles II gave birth to “Whigs” & “Tories” James II did “killing times” in Scotland James II did “killing times” in Scotland Glorious Revolution Glorious Revolution Mary II married William of Orange (Holland) Mary II married William of Orange (Holland)

House of Stuart. Part 1

House of Stuart. Part 2

House of Stuart. Part 3

House of Hanover. Part 1

House of Hanover. Part 2

House of Windsor. Part 1

House of Windsor. Part 2

House of Windsor. Modern Royalty