 During the 1600s, England moved from a government with little constraints on the power of the monarchy to a representative constitutional monarchy.

 Know term.  Means Great Charter  Signed in 1215 by King John  Limited the power of English kings Only Parliament could tax, not the king  Important Gave Parliament the power of the purse  Know term

 Elizabeth I died without an heir so the throne goes to the nearest male relative  James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England Rules Scotland and England at the same time Begins the Stuart Dynasty in England

 Arrogant, tactless personalities clashed with Parliament  Showed friendliness to Spain  Leaned towards Catholicism  Heavily taxed the middle class  Ignored English law  Raised money without Parliament Coat of arms of James I

 Believed in divine right of kings  Remember this term?  Average ruler who did England no harm  Jamestown (1607)  Had the Bible translated King James version

 James I dies and his son inherits the throne  Charles I continued the policies of his father and tensions between king and Parliament increase

 Charles is married to a French noblewoman, Henrietta Maria  Charles is suspected to be a secret Catholic  Why might this be a problem?

 Charles needed money to fight a war with Spain and France  Parliament refused to give him money until he signed the Petition of Right

 Petition of Right restated what a monarch could not do  Know term Could not tax without Parliament’s consent Could not jail someone without a charge (habeas corpus) or with a jury trial  Know term  If Charles signed this document, he was admitting that Parliament had some control over him.

 Charles signed Petition of Right and then dismissed Parliament  No meeting of Parliament for 11 years

 Conditions get worse as Charles Ignores the Petition of Right Rules more harshly  Persecution of Puritans is so bad many leave England in the Great Migration ( )  Most come to New England  Know term.

 Tries to force Scotland to accept the Anglican Church  Scotland rebels  Now needs money to put down Scottish rebellion

 Charles calls a meeting of Parliament to ask for money  Parliament uncooperative so after 3 weeks Charles dismisses them

 Charles still needs funds so has to call Parliament back  Parliament begins to pass laws to limit the power of king

 1642 Charles attempts to arrest the leaders of Parliament  Rebellion breaks out

 AKA The Puritan Revolution  Know both terms.  Sides Roundheads  Know term.  Members of the middle class, small landowners, Puritans, and Scots  Supported Parliament  Led by Oliver Cromwell  Know him.

Cavaliers/Royalists  Know term.  Members of the nobility, wealthy landowners, high Anglican clergy, and Catholics  Supporters of the King

Naseby (1645)  Final defeat of Cavaliers  Charles fled to Scotland but….  How did this war start in the first place?  Charles was turned over to Parliament by the Scots Charles I loses the Civil War and his throne Important!

 Charles was put on trial by Parliament  Convicted of treason, murder, and tyranny  Was executed in 1649

Charles’ bloodstained shirt

 Cromwell ruled as military dictator  Became known as the Lord Protector  Know this.  Ruled successfully but was not popular Instilled Puritan values  After his death, no other strong leader emerged

 Charles II was invited back to rule but had to agree to certain reforms Called the Merry Monarch  His court famous for its social life  What other monarch’s style is he copying?  Supported arts and sciences  Rule was at the beginning of the Scientific Revolution

 Had charm, poise, and political skills (unlike his father)  Favored religious toleration  Had secret Catholic sympathies  Realized that he could not repeat the mistakes of his father

 Religion still an issue Backlash against Puritans Charles was a secret Catholic  Charles made sure to appear cooperative with Parliament and accept limitations on his power  Parliament passed some laws to protect the rights of Englishmen like….

 Parliament passed the Habeas Corpus Act  Know term  Is this right part of our legal system?

 After death of Charles II, his brother, James II came to the throne  James was Catholic  James tried to revive divine right and dominate Parliament

 Had none of the political skills of his brother, Charles II  Bigoted Catholic who managed to offend even strong supporters of the monarchy  Provoked the revolution that Charles II had been able to avoid

 James’ unpopularity led to the formation of the first political parties in England  Important Whigs—members of Parliament who wanted to exclude James II from the monarchy  Know term.

Tory—members of Parliament who supported hereditary monarchy  Know term.

 Although James was unpopular, most people were willing to wait until his Protestant daughter, Mary could inherit the throne  BUT…..

 James’ second wife (a Catholic) had a son!  Why is this important?

 Parliament sends a joint Whig and Tory invitation to William of Orange and his wife Mary offering the crown to them  Important

 William invades but James, realizing he has no support, flees to France

 Parliament declares William and Mary to be joint rulers of England (with limitations.  Important

 This bloodless revolution ended divine right in England  Parliament becomes more powerful than the monarchy  Important  England is now a full constitutional monarchy  Remember this. Considered a “bloodless” revolution

 Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights  Know term Protects the rights of citizens and Parliament English Bill of Rights will be a model for the US Bill of Rights  Important

 Act of Settlement prevents any Catholic from inheriting the throne  Know term  Toleration Act (1689) granted freedom of worship to non-Anglican Protestant sects  Know term

 Anne succeeded William Developed a small group of advisors from the House of Commons (Cabinet)  Know term Remember: the Parliament is made of the House of Lords and the House of Commons  Know this.

 The Cabinet developed into the type of government Britain has today Head of the Cabinet is also the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons  Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet  Prime Minister gradually took over the duties and responsibilities of the monarch  Important

 Act of Union (1707)  Know term Officially joins Scotland and England as one country—United Kingdom  Know term

 Anne was the last of the Stuart Dynasty  English throne then goes to George I of Hanover (Germany) George III (1 st of the Georges to speak without a German accent) was king during the French and Indian War and the American Revolution