© 2008 Chapter 1: Small Islands – Big Horizons Main Developments in British History.

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Presentation transcript:

© Chapter 1: Small Islands – Big Horizons Main Developments in British History

© The Civil War to the First World War (pp )  AThe Civil War and Finding a Balance  BThe United Kingdom and Empire  CIndustrialization and reform  DThe Victorian Age and decline

© A.1 The Civil War  Civil War between King Charles I and Parliament  Charles I beheaded and monarchy ended  Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth  Parliament restores the monarchy

© A.2 Finding a Balance  Parliament and Protestants in conflict with the House of Stuart  Catholic James II replaced by Protestant William and Mary  Queen Anne last of Stuart monarchs by act of Parliament  Constitutional monarchy established with Protestant House of Hanover

© B.1 The United Kingdom  Act of Union of England and Scotland unites nations (1707)  Ireland occupied by English, colonized by Scottish Protestants  Irish Catholic rebellions  Parliament creates The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801)

© B.2 The Empire  Trading posts become centres of control  Colonies established and expanded abroad  French defeated in North America  Napoleon defeated in Europe

© C.1 Industrialisation  Enlightenment brings scientific insights  New inventions increase production  Better health care increases population  Free-market economy develops

© C.1 Reform  New industrial working class suffers misery  Chartists petition for democratic change rejected  Liberal Party promotes reform measures  Growing middle class increasingly powerful

© D.1 The Victorian Age  The United Kingdom strongest European power  35% of industrial production in world in Britain  Parliamentarianism promotes democracy at home  Balance-of-power promotes Pax Britannia abroad

© D.2 The Victorian Age  Relative strength of UK decreases  United Germany challenges balance-of- power  UK enters into alliances  The First World War begins (1914)