McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Teams: Processes and Communication Chapter 12

12-2 Class Agenda Team process defined Taskwork processes Teamwork processes Communication Team states Best practices

12-3

12-4 Why are Some Teams More than the Sum of their Parts?

12-5 Team Processes Reflects the different types of activities and interactions that occur within teams and contribute to their ultimate end goals. ๏ Team characteristics, like member diversity, task interdependence, team size, and so forth, affect team processes. ๏ Team processes, in turn, have a strong impact on team effectiveness.

12-6 Team Processes Process gain is getting more from the team than you would expect according to the capabilities of its individual members Process loss is getting less from the team than you would expect based on the capabilities of its individual members

12-7 Process Loss Causes of process loss ๏ Coordination loss ๏ Production blocking ๏ Motivational loss ๏ Social loafing

12-8 Taskwork Processes

12-9 Creative Behavior

12-10 Decision Making Decision informity reflects whether members possess adequate information about their own task responsibilities Staff validity refers to the degree to which members make good recommendations to the leader Hierarchical sensitivity reflects the degree to which the leader effectively weighs the recommendations of the members.

12-11 Boundary Spanning Ambassador activities refer to communications that are intended to protect the team, persuade others to support the team, or obtain important resources for the team Task coordinator activities involve communications that are intended to coordinate task-related issues with people or groups in other functional areas Scout activities refer to things team members do to obtain information about technology, competitors, or the broader marketplace

12-12 Teamwork Processes

12-13 Transition Processes Mission analysis involves an analysis of the team’s task, the challenges that face the team, and the resources available for completing the team’s work Strategy formulation refers to the development of courses of action and contingency plans, and then adapting those plans in light of changes that occur in the team’s environment Goal specification involves the development and prioritization of goals related to the team’s mission and strategy.

12-14 Action Processes Monitoring progress toward goals Systems monitoring involves keeping track of things that the team needs to accomplish its work. Helping behavior involves members going out of their way to help or back up other team members. Coordination refers to synchronizing team members’ activities in a way that makes them mesh effectively and seamlessly.

12-15 Interpersonal Processes Motivating and confidence building refers to things team members do or say that affect the degree to which members are motivated to work hard on the task. Conflict management involves activities that the team uses to manage conflicts that arise in the course of its work. ๏ Relationship conflict ๏ Task conflict

12-16 Communication

12-17 Communication Communicator issues Information richness Network structure

12-18 Communication

12-19 Team States

12-20 Cohesion Exists when members of teams develop strong emotional bonds to other members of their team and to the team itself ๏ Groupthink happens in highly cohesive teams when members may try to maintain harmony by striving toward consensus on issues without ever offering, seeking, or seriously considering alternative viewpoints and perspectives

12-21 Cohesion 48

12-22 Cohesion OB on Screen: Glory Road ๏ How cohesive do the Miners appear? Why might that be?

12-23 Potency Refers to the degree to which members believe that the team can be effective across a variety of situations and tasks.

12-24 Mental Models Refer to the level of common understanding among team members with regard to important aspects of the team and its task.

12-25 Transactive Memory Refers to how specialized knowledge is distributed among members in a manner that results in an effective system of memory for the team

12-26

12-27 How Important are Team Processes?

12-28 Why are Some Teams More than the Sum of their Parts?

12-29 Why are Some Teams More than the Sum of their Parts? Taskwork Processes Teamwork Processes Communication Team States Taskwork Processes Teamwork Processes Communication Team States

12-30 Best Practices: United

12-31 Best Practices: United 400 aircraft making 3000 flights a day to over 200 locations Ramp crews attended “Pit Crew U” To cut costs, looked to trim time taken to “turn” an aircraft Training also instilled ability to adapt to the unexpected Training instilled teamwork, preparedness, and safety