Cycles in Ecosystems Oxygen Water Carbon Nitrogen.

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Presentation transcript:

Cycles in Ecosystems Oxygen Water Carbon Nitrogen

Eco Column Lab

Oxygen Cycle

Crash Course: Water and Carbon Cycles

The Carbon Cycle

The most common elements found in living things: The most common elements found in living things: Oxygen (O) Oxygen (O) Hydrogen (H) Hydrogen (H) Carbon (C) Carbon (C) Nitrogen (N) Nitrogen (N) Calcium (Ca) Calcium (Ca) Phosphorus (P) Phosphorus (P)

Carbon is the key element in living things. Each carbon atom can bond to four other atoms Each carbon atom can bond to four other atoms Carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms Carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms

Carbon atoms can be used to build thousands of different compounds

About 70% of all compounds contain carbon About 70% of all compounds contain carbon Compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds: Compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds: CoalGraphiteOil CO 2 DiamondsLimestone WoodPlasticNylon Organic chemistry: chemistry of carbon Organic chemistry: chemistry of carbon

Inorganic compounds don’t contain carbon: Water (H 2 O) Water (H 2 O) Glass (SiO 2 ) Glass (SiO 2 ) Metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Au) Metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Au) Oxygen gas (O 2 ) Oxygen gas (O 2 )

On Earth, carbon exists in five main places (“carbon pools”): 1. Earth’s crust (limestone and oil) 99.9% of all Earth’s carbon 99.9% of all Earth’s carbon 2. Oceans 3. Soil (humus) 4. Atmosphere (CO 2 ) 5. Living things

In the carbon cycle, carbon atoms move between these five “pools”

Producers (plants) take carbon from the atmosphere during photosynthesis

Photosynthesis: CO 2 + H 2 O + energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Carbon dioxide from air Water from soil SunlightGlucose Oxygen

Animals take in carbon by eating plants Energy is released from glucose during Respiration: Energy is released from glucose during Respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + energy Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis

Respiration

Dead plants and animals return their carbon to the soil or atmosphere when they decompose

Humans add carbon to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels

Carbon Cycle (draw in your notes) Crash Course: Carbon is a Tramp 1:50 – 5:10

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen (N) occurs in the environment in many forms Nitrogen gas (N 2 ) makes up about 78% of the air around us

Plants and animals need nitrogen, but can’t get it directly from the air Plants use nitrates (NO 3 ) Animals use amino acids (NH 3 )

Certain bacteria are able to turn nitrogen gas into nitrate: nitrogen fixation Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of some plants (ex. Legumes: beans, clover)

Other bacteria turn nitrates back into nitrogen gas

In aquariums, nitrates build up and turn into ammonia, which is toxic to animals

Aquarium filters use helpful bacteria to remove excess nitrates and ammonia

Humans affect the nitrogen cycle by using large amounts of fertilizers

Draw one of the following illustrations of the nitrogen cycle in your notes

Crash Course: Nitrogen Cycle