Chromatography

Chromatography is a method of the separation of mixtures based on different affinity of the components of a mixture toward the stationary phase. Consider 2 component mixture Component 1Component 2

Chromatography is a dynamic method. The mobile phase continuously flows relative to the stationary phase. Mobile phase can be liquid, gas or gas under supercritical conditions. Respectively, one distinguishes between liquid, gas, and supercritical fluid chromatography. Gas chromatography - volatile, M r < 500 Liquid chromatography – soluble in the mobile phase. M r > 100, non-volatile low molecular weight organics, oligomers, polymers SCF chromatography – 300 < Mr < 1000, di-, tri, and tetramers

Chromatography PlanarColumn Paper TLC (Thin layer chromatography)

Classification of chromatography by the physical principle of separation Adsorption Ion-exchange Ligand-exchange Affinity Size-exclusion Ion-exclusion

Classification of chromatography by the amount of sample Type of chromatographyLoading Analytical Semi-preparative Preparative nano- and micrograms milligrams grams and kilograms

Pump Solvent reservoir ColumnRecorderDetector Fraction collector

chromatography column Stationary phase void space V s – volume of the stationary phase V 0 – volume of the void space F = V s /V 0 – phase ration