7.2 T RADE S PREADS I NDIAN R ELIGIONS & C ULTURE Essential Question: What were the effects of Indian culture changing and spreading?

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7.2 T RADE S PREADS I NDIAN R ELIGIONS & C ULTURE Essential Question: What were the effects of Indian culture changing and spreading?

R ELIGION (C HANGES ) Buddhism Buddha worshipped as a god Many people could become Buddhas Potential Buddhas could give up nirvana and work to save humanity Mass religion that offered salvation and allowed personal worship Mahayana: sect that accepted new doctrines Theravada: sect that believed in original teachings Changes inspired Indian art For worship For good deeds For meditation

R ELIGION (C HANGES ) Hinduism Had become less connected to the people Changed b/c of popularity of Buddhism and contact w/other cultures One divine force in the world (but still believed in many gods) 3 most important gods: Brahma: creator of the world Vishnu: preserver of the world Shiva: destroyer of the world Became more personal

L ITERATURE /A RTS Kalidasa One of India’s greatest writers Possibly court poet for Chandra Gupta II Wrote Shakuntala (play) Southern India Writing academies Tamil poems Drama Acting troupes- southern India Combined drama and dance Classical dance forms today based on these

S CIENCE /M ATH Sailors used stars for navigation Learned time from Greek invaders Calendar- moon -> sun Proved earth was round by watching lunar eclipse Modern numerals, zero, decimal system invented Aryabhata: calculated value of pi to 4 decimal places & length of solar year to almost exact number Medical guides: classified >1,000 diseases & described >500 medicinal plants Surgery (including plastic surgery) & inoculations

T RADE Resources: spices, diamonds, sapphires, gold, pearls, woods Overland trade Central Asian nomads gave info about caravan routes in central Asia (Silk Roads) Indians acted as middlemen- buy goods from China and sell to Rome Built trading stations Sea trade Around Arabian sea and up Persian Gulf Sail to SE Asia for spices Trade with Asia (imported spices), Rome (exported silk & spices), Africa (imported ivory & gold, exported cotton cloth), Arabia (imported dates & horses, exported rice & wheat), China (imported silk, exported cotton cloth, monkeys, parrots, elephants)

E FFECTS OF T RADE Rise of banking- loans Merchants lived abroad -> cultural diffusion Strong influence in Thailand, Cambodia, and Java Hinduism -> Nepal, Sri Lanka, & Borneo Buddhism -> China

Q UICKWRITE - HALF SHEET What were the effects of Indian culture changing and spreading?