Chapter 12 Transformation Around the World World History

China Resist Outside Influence Chapter 12 Section 1 China Resist Outside Influence

China and the West China able to resist due to self-sufficiency The tea-opium connection Opium use was medical until Europeans brought in opium for non-medical use The Opium Wars Led to British Control of Hong Kong Extraterritorial Rights @ trade ports

Growing Internal Problems Problems with population growth – food shortage Taiping Rebellion – Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace Fueding in the government led to constant fighting over 20 million died

Foreign Influence Grows Resistance to change – most people supported traditional ways Many European countries and Japan gained strong footholds in China Sphere of influence – area in which foreigners controlled trade & investment Led to the Open Door Policy

Chinese Nationalism Humiliated with loss of power Guangxu wants modernizes China This threatens Qing power they arrest Guangxu The Boxer Rebellion – “Death to the foreign Devils” attack on Beijing, led o feelings of nationalism Led to restructuring of government

Modernization in Japan Chapter 12 Section 2 Modernization in Japan

Japan ends Isolation Japan remained isolated until visit of Matthew Perry – threatened Tokugawa shogunate for free trade b/t US and Japan Meiji Reforms (modernization)– copied British Navy and German military and industry and US education system Japan became competitive with the West

Imperial Japan Modernization improved Japan’s military now the strongest in Asia Japan attacks Korea led to Sino-Japanese War - Japan drove China out of Korea Change in balance of power in Asia Russia becomes concerned

Imperial Japan (cont) Russo-Japanese War – fight over control of Manchuria Japan destroys Russia Pacific and Baltic Fleets, Russia decides to go for peace Japanese control of Korea Japanese occupation was brutal and ignored by the rest of the world Korean nationalist Movement began

Chapter 12 Section 3 U.S. Economic Imperialism

Latin America After Independence Colonial legacy of the peonage system kept landowners wealthy and workers nothing more than slaves Political instability led by the caudillos or military dictators led to conflict Caudillos faced little opposition, land owners supported them Voting rights were also restricted to upper class an wealthy in other governing countries

Economies grow under foreign Influence Imported manufactured goods so no development of industry, exported perishable goods Mismanagement of investment led to debt to foreign powers Foreign take over of industries

Latin American Empire US concern for security led to the…. Monroe Doctrine – No European powers are allowed to colonize any land in Western Hemisphere Little effort to enforce until Cuban Independence Jose Marti led rebellion failed and exiled to US

Latin American Empire (cont) US economic stake in Cuba led to Spanish- American War - Two front war in Philippines and Cuba, Spanish were quickly defeated Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines became US territories Panama was next focus because of strategic location (Panama Canal) US provoked revolution and controlled canal building Roosevelt Corollary – US had right to be police power in Latin America, extension of M. Doctrine

Turmoil & Change in Mexico Chapter 12 Section 4 Turmoil & Change in Mexico

Santa Anna & Mexican War Santa Anna became Latin America’s most powerful caudillo (early 1800’s) Texas Revolt – Mexico encouraged settlement, settlers wanted self government, Mexican army moved North won several battles The Alamo Mexican-American War loss doomed Santa Anna, lost territory

Juarez & La Reforma Juarez reputation of honesty, integrity, hard work fueled his rise to power (mid 1800’s) La Reforma – separation of church and state, redistribution of land, increased educational opportunities Continued struggle for control b/t conservatives and liberals French invasion/occupation slowed reforms

Porfirio Diaz and “Order & Stability” Diaz most powerful caudillo of his time, elections were meaningless, Diaz played favors (late 1800’s) Followed Juarez with one distinct difference of no liberty Use of dictatorial powers ensured order, but lef most Mexicans poor and hungry

Revolution & Civil War Francisco Madero began Revolution against Diaz (1910) Slow start as Pancho Villa in North and Zapata in South Revolution became very violent and Diaz stepped down, Madero was elected in 1911 but was later assassinated Victoriano Huerta became president but shortly after he was ousted and Carranza would take power in 1919 to end Civil War after murdering Zapata Carranza passed revisions to mexico’s constituiton in 1917 – still in use today, reforms in land, workers rights, p.393