Middle Ages Standards 6-3.1, 6-3.2, 6-3.4

TEST STOP…. 1. What role did the church play in the Middle Ages? 2. What is feudalism? 3. Draw a picture of the social structure during the Middle Ages. 4. What is the manorial system? 5. What was daily life like for peasants and serfs? 6. What is the Magna Carta and how did it affect feudalism? 7. What were the Crusades? 8. Explain the Black Plague and its effect on daily life. 9. Be able to use a map to show where the Plague spread.

Learning Journal for the Middle Ages Title Page Title Page The Church The Church Feudalism Feudalism English Government / Magna Carta English Government / Magna Carta Crusades Crusades Black Plague Black Plague

Feudalism

Feudalism A political, social, and economical system A political, social, and economical system Its main purpose was to provide needed protection for the people from tribal warfare and invasions. Its main purpose was to provide needed protection for the people from tribal warfare and invasions. The king or monarch had TOTAL control over all of the land, government, and economy. The king or monarch had TOTAL control over all of the land, government, and economy.

It resembled a social structure or pyramid. It resembled a social structure or pyramid. –Monarch – king or queen who was the supreme ruler –Lords – pledged their loyalty to the monarch and military support in the event of war; in exchange Lords received land –Knights(Vassals)- warriors trained and prepared to fight on horseback; would give their life for the church and would not stand for any injustice. –Peasants/Serfs – farmers of the land (tied to the land)

What is the manorial system? Manorialism was the basic economic system during the Middle Ages. Manorialism was the basic economic system during the Middle Ages. The peasant exchanged work and part of what he grew for the protection of their lord. ALL ABOUT LAND AND PROTECTION! The peasant exchanged work and part of what he grew for the protection of their lord. ALL ABOUT LAND AND PROTECTION! The peasants were generally granted small parcels of land to grow crops for their family as well as to sell, but had to pay much of what they grew to the lords, either in taxes or as fees for using the lord’s resources – such as the mill for grinding wheat. The peasants were generally granted small parcels of land to grow crops for their family as well as to sell, but had to pay much of what they grew to the lords, either in taxes or as fees for using the lord’s resources – such as the mill for grinding wheat. Furthermore, in addition to working his own land, the serf had to work the rest of the lord’s land. The peasants could not sell the land granted to them, and while they were technically free, in reality, they were tied to the land on which they lived and could not leave without the lord’s permission. Furthermore, in addition to working his own land, the serf had to work the rest of the lord’s land. The peasants could not sell the land granted to them, and while they were technically free, in reality, they were tied to the land on which they lived and could not leave without the lord’s permission.

What was daily life like for peasants/serfs? The Basics: Lowest ranking people in feudal Europe Lowest ranking people in feudal Europe Formed the majority of Middle Age society Formed the majority of Middle Age society Lives controlled by the lords Lives controlled by the lords Some were free, but “serfs” were considered property of the lord and his land Some were free, but “serfs” were considered property of the lord and his land Daily Life: Lived in small, one room cottages in villages Lived in small, one room cottages in villages Worked in the fields all day Worked in the fields all day Worshipped in church Worshipped in church Sold crop surpluses to people living in the cities and towns nearby Sold crop surpluses to people living in the cities and towns nearby

Barbaric Times and No Real Protection FEUDALISM It Continued to develop and E X P A N D IT WAS USED BY POWERFUL KINGS THAT CENTRALIZED MILITARY POWER CREATED NATION-STATES

Streamline Feudalism: The Medieval Way of Life Feudalism: The Medieval Way of Life A segment of Living History: Living in Medieval Europe Living History: Living in Medieval EuropeLiving History: Living in Medieval Europe

What is the Magna Carta and how did it affect feudalism? Considered one of history’s most important democratic documents, the Magna Carta set forth the basic rights of the English people. Considered one of history’s most important democratic documents, the Magna Carta set forth the basic rights of the English people. Most important principles: Most important principles: –It made clear that no one was above the law, not even the king –Representative assemblies –Right to approve taxes –Granted trial by jury to those accused of a crime –Ensured “equal” rights among people –System of Checks and Balances The Magna Carta limited the power of The Magna Carta limited the power of the king and weakened feudalism. the king and weakened feudalism.

-How did it effect feudalism? Limited the power of the king Limited the power of the king It helped the vassals (lords, knights, etc.) by giving them more power It helped the vassals (lords, knights, etc.) by giving them more power Eventually it helped other classes gain more freedom Eventually it helped other classes gain more freedom Created a representative government Created a representative government –Parliament ( a council that made big decisions)  House of Lords (patricians)  House of Commons (plebeians)

Streamline The Magna Carta: Checks and Balances on Power, Medieval England, 1215 The Magna Carta: Checks and Balances on Power, Medieval England, 1215 A Segment of: The American Revolution: From Colonies to Constitution: Shaping the New Nation The American Revolution: From Colonies to Constitution: Shaping the New NationThe American Revolution: From Colonies to Constitution: Shaping the New Nation

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What were the Crusades? A series of holy wars between the western European Christians and the Muslims. A series of holy wars between the western European Christians and the Muslims. Four Crusades all together. Four Crusades all together. Muslims had taken over Jerusalem, the place where Jesus died and Christians wanted it back. Muslims had taken over Jerusalem, the place where Jesus died and Christians wanted it back.

Jerusalem

Fought for 3 Main Reasons 1. To free the Holy Land from Muslim control. 2. To unite the Eastern and Western churches. 3. To stop the spread of Islam. *The crusades failed in all 3 goals.

First Crusade A march into Jerusalem in hopes of winning back land A march into Jerusalem in hopes of winning back land majority of crusaders were serfs hoping for freedom majority of crusaders were serfs hoping for freedom most died from diseases and hunger. most died from diseases and hunger. Even after an easy victory, many Crusaders were not happy with the land they won (flat, dry, and hard to farm) Even after an easy victory, many Crusaders were not happy with the land they won (flat, dry, and hard to farm)

Crusades… the beginning… Three major religious groups all claimed Jerusalem in the land of Palestine as their holy city. Three major religious groups all claimed Jerusalem in the land of Palestine as their holy city. To Christians, it was the place where Jesus was crucified and ascended to heaven. To Christians, it was the place where Jesus was crucified and ascended to heaven. To Muslims (Arabs) it was the place where Muhammad ascended to heaven. To Muslims (Arabs) it was the place where Muhammad ascended to heaven. To Jews, it was the site of the ancient temple built by Solomon. To Jews, it was the site of the ancient temple built by Solomon. In 600 CE, Arabs entered the city and took control. However, the Arabs allowed Christian and Jewish pilgrims to visit Jerusalem. In fact, Jews and Christians could even live in Jerusalem as long as they paid their taxes like everyone else. Arab control and religion tolerance continued in Palestine for about 500 years. In 600 CE, Arabs entered the city and took control. However, the Arabs allowed Christian and Jewish pilgrims to visit Jerusalem. In fact, Jews and Christians could even live in Jerusalem as long as they paid their taxes like everyone else. Arab control and religion tolerance continued in Palestine for about 500 years.

The First Crusade The Problem: In 1095, a new group of Muslims from Central Asia took control of Jerusalem. They closed the city to Jewish and Christian pilgrims. This was a problem. There was another problem. The city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was located to the north of Jerusalem. The people of Constantinople were afraid the invaders might visit them next. They called on their neighbor, the Holy Roman Empire, for help. The pope had both the people and a powerful neighbor asking for help. There was another problem. The city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was located to the north of Jerusalem. The people of Constantinople were afraid the invaders might visit them next. They called on their neighbor, the Holy Roman Empire, for help. The pope had both the people and a powerful neighbor asking for help.

The Solution The pope acted. He called for a crusade—a volunteer army whose goal was to retake Jerusalem. Many people volunteered. The pope acted. He called for a crusade—a volunteer army whose goal was to retake Jerusalem. Many people volunteered. For knights, this was a chance to use their fighting skills, something they enjoyed and did well. They were delighted to have such a worthy battle to fight. For knights, this was a chance to use their fighting skills, something they enjoyed and did well. They were delighted to have such a worthy battle to fight. For peasants, this was a chance to escape from their dreary life in the feudal system. For peasants, this was a chance to escape from their dreary life in the feudal system. The pope promised that if they died while fighting a holy crusade, they would automatically be welcomed into heaven. The pope promised that if they died while fighting a holy crusade, they would automatically be welcomed into heaven. For others, it a chance to have an adventure, and perhaps even to get rich. For others, it a chance to have an adventure, and perhaps even to get rich.

Sign of the Crusade- The Red Cross Each crusader had a huge red cross, made out of fabric, stitched on the shirts or armor they wore. It was a brilliant move. It made all crusaders, irrespective of rank or background, appear to be a unified army. It reminded everyone that the crusaders were fighting a religious war—they were fighting for the glory of God. The red cross was added to flags and banners. It was an impressive sight. Each crusader had a huge red cross, made out of fabric, stitched on the shirts or armor they wore. It was a brilliant move. It made all crusaders, irrespective of rank or background, appear to be a unified army. It reminded everyone that the crusaders were fighting a religious war—they were fighting for the glory of God. The red cross was added to flags and banners. It was an impressive sight.

The Size / The Trip Size of the Army: Historians estimate that about 30,000 men left Western Europe to fight in Jerusalem. Size of the Army: Historians estimate that about 30,000 men left Western Europe to fight in Jerusalem. The Trip: It took about two years of harsh traveling to get to Jerusalem. The crusaders suffered hunger, disease, freezing weather, harsh deserts, and quarrels amongst their leaders. But, they made it! The Trip: It took about two years of harsh traveling to get to Jerusalem. The crusaders suffered hunger, disease, freezing weather, harsh deserts, and quarrels amongst their leaders. But, they made it!

Results The Results: Once the crusaders had arrived, after a mere two- month siege of the city, the city fell. The crusaders had won back Jerusalem. The Results: Once the crusaders had arrived, after a mere two- month siege of the city, the city fell. The crusaders had won back Jerusalem. Some crusaders stayed. Some came home. Those who returned brought back with them new kinds of foods and new forms of culture. Some crusaders stayed. Some came home. Those who returned brought back with them new kinds of foods and new forms of culture. The success of the crusade strengthened the authority of the Church. The success of the crusade strengthened the authority of the Church.

More Crusades It was a short victory. Less than 50 years later, Muslims once again conquered much of the land taken over by the Crusaders. Once again, the pope called for volunteers to travel to Jerusalem and take back the city. It was a short victory. Less than 50 years later, Muslims once again conquered much of the land taken over by the Crusaders. Once again, the pope called for volunteers to travel to Jerusalem and take back the city.

More Crusades The Second Crusade lasted from 1147–1149. It was not successful. The Second Crusade lasted from 1147–1149. It was not successful. The Third Crusade lasted from 1189– It was not successful. The Third Crusade lasted from 1189– It was not successful. The Fourth Crusade lasted from 1202– Instead of attacking Jerusalem, the Crusaders attacked Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. They burned libraries. They destroyed churches. They stole statues and paintings and jewelry. Their excuse was that they needed money to pay the banks in Venice for all the debt they had piled up trying to protect Constantinople and regain Jerusalem. It was a ridiculous defense. Not surprisingly, the people in Constantinople were filled with hatred for the west. The Fourth Crusade lasted from 1202– Instead of attacking Jerusalem, the Crusaders attacked Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. They burned libraries. They destroyed churches. They stole statues and paintings and jewelry. Their excuse was that they needed money to pay the banks in Venice for all the debt they had piled up trying to protect Constantinople and regain Jerusalem. It was a ridiculous defense. Not surprisingly, the people in Constantinople were filled with hatred for the west.

Later Crusades Negatives – Muslims returned and took over lands lost during the first crusade. Positives – Travel during the Crusades exposed them to many trade items. Trade grew as demand for these items increased. The Crusades enabled Christianity to spread. Middle Ages Europe became a wealthy nation-state.

Trade routes of the Crusades

Effects of the Crusades From their exposure to superior Muslim technology, Europeans learned how to: From their exposure to superior Muslim technology, Europeans learned how to: Build better ships Build better ships Use a compass Use a compass

Effects of the Crusades Western Europe began to express an interest in trade. Western Europe began to express an interest in trade. The crusaders brought back luxury goods. These items were vastly popular. To get more, Western Europe began to trade with her neighbors. Goods brought back included: The crusaders brought back luxury goods. These items were vastly popular. To get more, Western Europe began to trade with her neighbors. Goods brought back included: Silk Silk Spices Spices Melon Melon Sugar Sugar Art Art Literature Literature

Let’s Map it! Page 407 in Text Green- Christian Lands / Orange- Muslim Lands / Blue- Holy Roman Empire /Purple- Byzantine Empire / Star + Label Jerusalem / Red Arrow- Crusade Route

Other Main Points Mixed success (NEUTRALIZED MUSLIM ADVANCES IN MAINLAND EUROPE) Mixed success (NEUTRALIZED MUSLIM ADVANCES IN MAINLAND EUROPE) Interaction of people and ideas allowed parts of Europe to develop cities of trade Interaction of people and ideas allowed parts of Europe to develop cities of trade Helped to build an interest in overseas land that would lead to EXPLORATION ! Helped to build an interest in overseas land that would lead to EXPLORATION !

Streamline The Crusades The Crusades A Segment of: Civilizations in Conflict: Byzantium, Islam, and the Crusades ( A.D.) Civilizations in Conflict: Byzantium, Islam, and the Crusades ( A.D.)Civilizations in Conflict: Byzantium, Islam, and the Crusades ( A.D.)

The Church… Monasteries became centers of learning. Monasteries became centers of learning. It is from these monasteries that the first universities were founded. It is from these monasteries that the first universities were founded. They preserved Christian writing… particularly the BIBLE by producing hand made copies that were kept and passed down through the ages. They preserved Christian writing… particularly the BIBLE by producing hand made copies that were kept and passed down through the ages. Example: Irish monasteries developed the scriptorium which became the heart of their monasteries. Example: Irish monasteries developed the scriptorium which became the heart of their monasteries. Preserving these writings led to art creation….. The Book of Kells (illuminations) paul/kells/thumbnails Preserving these writings led to art creation….. The Book of Kells (illuminations) paul/kells/thumbnails paul/kells/thumbnails paul/kells/thumbnails The primary goal of the Roman Catholic Church and the monasteries: to influence people to become Christians. The primary goal of the Roman Catholic Church and the monasteries: to influence people to become Christians.

Benedictine Rule Saint Benedict: Began a monastery… Saint Benedict: Began a monastery… Following the Benedictine model, monasteries began to change in the 6th Century and became centers that would spread the Christian message and its influence. Following the Benedictine model, monasteries began to change in the 6th Century and became centers that would spread the Christian message and its influence. Vows of Vows of -Poverty (give up all possessions) -Chastity (never marry) -Obedience (obey all church laws) All Monks followed this rule.

Streamline The Clergy: Religious Life The Clergy: Religious Life A segment of Medieval Times: Life in the Middle Ages ( A.D.) Medieval Times: Life in the Middle Ages ( A.D.)Medieval Times: Life in the Middle Ages ( A.D.)(3min)

Streamline Europe's Bubonic Plague Europe's Bubonic Plague A Segment of: World History: The Medieval Era World History: The Medieval EraWorld History: The Medieval Era

The Black Plague Also known as: Also known as:  Bubonic Plague  Black Death In just two years, 25 million people died of the plague. In ten years, the plague had killed over 1/3 of Europe's population. Can you imagine the fear people must have felt? People were sick everywhere. Whole families were wiped out. Whole villages were wiped out. In just two years, 25 million people died of the plague. In ten years, the plague had killed over 1/3 of Europe's population. Can you imagine the fear people must have felt? People were sick everywhere. Whole families were wiped out. Whole villages were wiped out. Plague handout & questions Plague handout & questions

See PPT on Black Death

WARNING!! The next 2 slides have graphic pictures of people that died from the Plague. Put your head down if you do not want to see them!

Trying to cure… A doctor with mask, gloves, and robe; trying to avoid coming in contact with plague germs. Some drs. would lance or cut into a bulbous tumor to try to drain the germs out. Cutting off infected fingers was common.

Be able to use a map to show where the Plague spread. Use your crayons/colored pencils to show where the Plague began and the countries it affected. Use your atlas to label the countries.

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 Ring Around the Rosie  Do you know where this kids playground game came from? Do you know where this kids playground game came from? Ring around the rosie – Infected people first broke out with red ring shaped marks with dark center spots on their arms and necks. Ring around the rosie – Infected people first broke out with red ring shaped marks with dark center spots on their arms and necks. Pocketful of Posies – They carried flowers to ward off the smell of the dead and dying. Ashes, Ashes – The skies were filled with ashes as people burned houses filled with the dead. Villages filled with the dead were burned down They all fall down – Large numbers of men, women, and children died.

The Plagues “life cycle”

Brain Pop! The Black Death

Main Points for the Plague 1. Direction the plague spread: Started in Central Asia and spread east to China. It then spread west along the Silk Road (trade route). Reached Constantinople then spread west to Europe. All spread by rats on trading ships. 2. 1/3 of the population of Europe died (25,000,000) 3. Effects: (because there are FEW people living) Businesses go bankrupt Deaths cause labor shortages Trade declines and towns disappear Construction and building projects stop Food supply decreases and people starve Feudalism begins to fade Moved to market economy (buy and sell as they please)