Catalyst 1.Do your genes control EVERYTHING about you? 1.What other factors influence your phenotype?

Agenda Notes – Polygenic Traits and Environmental Influences Diagnosis Stations Kahoot Review (semester review) Exit Ticket

Polygenic Traits and Environmental Influences

Examples of phenotypes: Blue eyes vs. brown eyes Red flowers vs. white flowers Green pea vs. yellow pea

But do all traits just come in 2 versions? No!

Polygenic Traits Polygenic traits = several genes that work together to make a trait Height Skin color Weight Hair color Allows a wide range of physical traits

Genes & the Environment

Do your genes COMPLETELY control EVERYTHING about you? NO

What traits can you think of that are not completely determined by genes? Weight, lung cancer

THINK… Why is it that someone who has never smoked a cigarette can still die from lung cancer??

Diseases can be caused by BOTH genes and the environment

ENVIRONMENT An organism’s surroundings Examples: diet, exercise, sun exposure, tobacco use An organism’s surroundings – Examples: diet, exercise, sun exposure, tobacco use Your environment can cause mutations in your DNA, which increases your risk for certain diseases.

Remember: ***Mutations to DNA can only be passed down if they occur in the sperm and egg cells!*** If you get skin cancer from UV ray mutations, those skin cells do not get passed down to your child Think: If your arm is amputated before you have children, your child will still have two arms because your sperm/egg DNA is unaffected by what happens to your body cells

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer: cancer on your skin (caused by cells dividing too much) Genes: some genes make you more likely to get skin cancer ( cells have a predisposition) Environment: risk is increased by too much sun (UV radiation)

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer: cancer on your lungs (caused by cells dividing too much) Genes: some genes make you more likely to get lung cancer (cells have a predisposition) Environment: risk is increased by smoking tobacco

Diabetes: disease where you don’t make enough insulin Genes: diabetes is inherited through many genes (polygenic) Environment: risk is increased by eating lots of sugar

Phenylketonuria (PKU) Genes: it comes from a a mutation (change in DNA) on a certain gene on chromosome 12 Environment: you won’t get sick if you don’t eat any phenylalanine

Think 1.Define polygenetic trait 2.What is an example of a polygenic trait? 3.How is skin cancer affected by the environment? 4.How is lung cancer affected by the environment? 5.How is PKU affected by the environment?

Agenda Notes – Polygenic Traits and Environmental Influences Diagnosis Stations Kahoot Review (semester review) Exit Ticket

Diagnosis Stations In small groups, pretend you are a doctor, nurse, and scribe. – Read the patients scenario – As a group complete the provided table Class discussion

Analysis Questions 1.Which diseases were most influenced by the environment? Why? 2.Which diseases were least influenced by the environment? Why? 3.Choose any one disease and explain how this disease is affected by the interaction of both the environment and an individual’s genetic make-up. 4.Can a person with no family history of lung cancer still be affected by lung cancer? If so, explain how. 5.Can a person who eats healthily still be affected by diabetes? If so, explain how.

Discussion… Environmental Impacts on Health