NO RTW: Grab clicker and place bags up front Objective: I will be able prepared to take the EOC Marine Final Agenda: Phylum Test! EOC Review Aves group send me any documents you need printed! Homework: Fish Food Project Monday, April 25 th

Pg. 118 RTW: What is one interesting fact about Arthropoda? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mollusca. Agenda: Mollusca Foldable Mollusca group be ready to present tomorrow! Homework: Fish Food Project Tuesday, April 26 th

Mollusca Foldable  Examples: Class Gastropoda- Snails Class Bivalvia- Clams Class Cephalopoda- Octopuses, Squids  General Characteristics: Most numerous marine group, very diverse. Soft body covered in CaCO3 (bivalves & gastropods) One way digestion Some herbivores and some carnivores

Mollusca Foldable  Diagrams: (please label the class under your diagram) Reproduction: External fertilization- bivalves, chitons, & some snails Sperm & eggs are released into water  Internal fertilization-cephalopods & most snails Cephalopods have modified arm (Hectocotylus) to transfer sperm to female

Phylum Mollusca

Includes these classes: Snails-class Gastropoda Clams-class Bivalvia Octopuses, Squids-class Cephalopoda There are more species of mollusks in the ocean than any other group Soft body protected by a shell of calcium carbonate Very diverse in body structures and habits

Mollusk Diversity

Biology Much more complex than Cnidarians or Sponges Has a separate mouth and anus (1 way) Has salivary and digestive glands herbivores & carnivores (predators & filter feeders) circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen Heart pumps blood to all tissues Most have open circulatory system (leaky), cephalopods a closed circulatory system

Nervous system simple to complex Most have separate sexes Some species are hermaphrodites External fertilization- bivalves, chitons, & some snails Sperm & eggs are released into water Internal fertilization-cephalopods & most snails Cephalopods have modified arm to transfer sperm to female

class Gastropoda Snails-”stomach foot” Largest group Approx 90,000 species Mostly marine Body is coiled up inside shell Shell sits on a ventral foot

Nudibranch (sea slug- no shell) Tulip snail (with shell)

Body Structure thin layer of tissue that produces the shell muscular, used in locomotion some are well developed & have eyes area with small teeth used in scraping algae or other food from surfaces, made of chitin hard plate used to close opening once head/foot retracts into shell Gas exchange is through gills MantleFootHeadRadulaOperculum

class Bivalvia Oysters (cement themselves to hard surface) Clams (burrow) Mussels (attach to rocks using byssal threads), Body compressed between two shells Very large source of food for humans and other marine animals.

class Cephalopoda-2 in to 30 ft Cephalopods-most complex brain of all invertebrates considered intelligent and capable of learning Most cephalopods display color changes correlated to certain behaviors Hectocotylus-Specialized arm transfers a spermatophore (packet of sperm) After eggs hatch female usually dies

Blue-ringed Octopus (Hapalochlaena) giant pacific octopus - Octopus dofleini

Giant Squid

Cephalopoda Camouflage Octopus vs Crab Cone Snail

No RTW: Mollusca group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mollusca. Agenda: Mollusa Fish Food Presentation Homework: Fish Food Project Wednesday, April 27 th

Pg. 118 RTW: Would you rather fight a 100 duck size horses or 1 horse size duck? Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Aves. Agenda: Aves Foldable Aves group be ready to present tomorrow! Homework: Fish Food Project Thursday, April 28 th

Chordata Foldable (Class Aves)  Examples: Marine and coastal birds: Pelicans, Albatross, Blue-footed booby, Sandpipers, Penguins. Bird orders end in the suffix –iformes Characteristics: Light weight bones Endothermic Three feather types: Down, Contour, Powder Most have a gland to convert saltwater to freshwater Several species have webbed feet for swimming

Chordata foldable (marine birds) Diagram: Reproduction: egg-laying, internal fertilization

Class: Aves Marine Birds

Characteristics Depend on the ocean for survival Lightweight bones Return to land to breed. Endothermic = create their own body heat 3 Types of feathers: 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for warmth. 2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body, for flight. 3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down

Online Bird Guide

Bird Orders Class Aves broken into 29 orders All orders end in –iformes Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans (totipalmate swimmers) Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds

Diving Pelagic Birds Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross Migrate thousands of km each year

Large nostrils located in short tubes on sides/top of bill Spend most of life at sea Come to land only to breed Wandering Albatross-Largest wingspan of all living birds (nearly 12 feet)

Wandering Albatross

Wandering Albatross chick

Shearwater

Penguins Can dive down 800 meters for food Flightless, marine, pelagic, swimming and diving birds The Emperor Penguin is the 4ft, 75lb

Penguins The most aquatic of all marine birds 15 species (all are in the Southern Hemisphere) No contour feather (can’t fly) Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers Excellent swimmers/divers Eyes adapted for underwater vision Both males and females take care of watching the egg and chicks

Emperor Penguins Adelie Penguins Babies

Rockhopper Penguin King Penguins

Penguin

Totipalmate Swimmers All 4 toes are webbed Pelicans, Gannets, Cormorants& Frigatebirds Some breathe through their mouth (nasal openings are closed)

American White Pelican

Blue-footed Booby

Long-legged Waders Herons, Egrets, Ibises, Spoonbills, Storks & Vultures Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight

Storks hold neck extended in flight

Bird populations decreased because of plume hunters ( ) Fashionable for women to wear feathers in their hats 4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)

1,608 packages of plumes in a commercial sales room in 1902 Each package weighed 30 oz totaling 48,240 oz Required the lives of 192,960 herons

Flamingos Pink plumage due to carotenoids obtained from food, cyanobacteria Most unusual feature is the bent bill held upside down to feed

At one time occurred naturally in the state of Florida Nest made on a cone shaped pedestal of mud Young swim day of hatching

Flamingo

Marsh birds Crane, Coots & Moorhens Losing more species of birds than any major order of birds The Whooping Crane is the tallest American bird

Whooping Crane & chick

Sandhill Crane -More commonly seen

Roseate Spoonbill

Shorebirds Much diversity Divers, skimmers, waders Lakes, coastal waters, beaches, meadows

Shorebirds Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill Snowy egret – long, flexible neck Roseate Spoonbill Sea ducks Sea Gull - scavengers

American Avocet

Diurnal Birds of Prey Hawks, Eagles, Kites & Ospreys Have short, decurved hooked beaks Excellent eyesight Feed on birds, mammals, fish or reptiles

Osprey

Kingfishers Large heads with spearlike bills Dive straight into water for fish

Belted Kingfisher

Perching Birds All the Songbirds Ex. Cardinals, Jays, Wrens, Warblers, etc. Includes Loggerhead Shrike & Florida Scrub Jay

Feather Anatomy

What is preening? Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay healthy and shiny.

Wandering Albatross Blue Footed Booby Dance

No RTW: Aves group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Aves. Agenda: Aves Fish Food Presentation Fish & Sharks group send digital documents by today! Homework: Fish Food Project Friday, April 29 th