Deviance The Nature of Deviance: Relative, Perception, Social Definition, Relates to Power, Functional The Nature of Deviance: Relative, Perception, Social Definition, Relates to Power, Functional Theories of Deviance: Theories of Deviance: 1 Social Strain Theory 1 Social Strain Theory a. Durkheim; anomie a. Durkheim; anomie Crime and Deviance functional to society: Crime and Deviance functional to society: 1. Reaffirms cultural values 1. Reaffirms cultural values 2. Clarifies social boundaries 2. Clarifies social boundaries 3. Social unity 3. Social unity 4. Social Changes 4. Social Changes

Robert Merton’s Typology of Deviance

2. Cultural Transmission Theory: 2. Cultural Transmission Theory: Edwin Sutherland’s theory of Differential Association Edwin Sutherland’s theory of Differential Association Delinquent Subculture Delinquent Subculture 3. Social Control Theory: 3. Social Control Theory: Travis Hirschi – Travis Hirschi – a. Attachment a. Attachment b. Commitment b. Commitment c. Involvement c. Involvement d. Belief d. Belief

4. Labeling Theory: 4. Labeling Theory: Primary Deviance Primary Deviance Secondary Deviance Secondary Deviance Stigma, Deviant Career Stigma, Deviant Career

5. The Conflict Perspective of C and D 5. The Conflict Perspective of C and D A. Marxist View: A. Marxist View: Capitalist Oppression Capitalist Oppression B. Quinney’s Theory: B. Quinney’s Theory: Justice system serves the powerful Justice system serves the powerful Law is the tool of the ruling class Law is the tool of the ruling class Capitalists – corporate crime Capitalists – corporate crime Differential Treatment – class, race, ethnicity Differential Treatment – class, race, ethnicity Differential Social Control Differential Social Control

Types of Crimes: Types of Crimes: Violent Crimes – demographic characteristics: Violent Crimes – demographic characteristics: Age Age Gender Gender Race Race Ethnicity Ethnicity Property Crime Property Crime Occupational Crime/White Collar Occupational Crime/White Collar Organization Crime/Corporate/Government Organization Crime/Corporate/Government

Organized Crime Organized Crime Nationwide conspiracy model Nationwide conspiracy model Local ethnic group model Local ethnic group model Enterprise model Enterprise model Professional Crime Professional Crime Victimless Crime Victimless Crime Index Crime Index Crime

Crime in U.S.A. – Reasons for falling Crime in U.S.A. – Reasons for falling Reasons for high rates of violent crimes in U.S.A. in comparison to other countries Reasons for high rates of violent crimes in U.S.A. in comparison to other countries Crime in Japan – Reasons for low rate of crime Crime in Japan – Reasons for low rate of crime

Is the Death Penalty in the U.S.A. justified? Is the Death Penalty in the U.S.A. justified? Premeditated Murders – v. small Premeditated Murders – v. small No D.P. – homicide rate low No D.P. – homicide rate low D.P. is not less expensive D.P. is not less expensive Poor defense service with poor lawyers Poor defense service with poor lawyers Relationship between race and D.P. Relationship between race and D.P. D.P. reversals and DNA D.P. reversals and DNA