Use of plastic waste in construction of Flexible Pavement Dr. R. Vasudevan , Dean & Prof. Department of Chemistry Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai-15 Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

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Dr. R. Vasudevan 18-02-15

Dr. R. Vasudevan 18-02-15

Available Plastics materials in the Market and their chemical nature Plastic material Hotels Railway Airport Community Hall Tourist center Nature of Plastics Cup Yes No Poly ethylene Carry bag Water bottle PET Cool drinks bottle Chocolate covers Polyester+Poly ethylene+metalised polyester Parcel cover Supari cover Polyester+Poly ethylene Milk Pouche LDPE Biscuit covers Decoration papers BOPP Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

THERMAL BEHAVIOUR- BASED ON TGA MEASUREMENTS polymer Softening Temp in Deg.C Products reported Decom position Temp Deg.C Products reported Ignition temp. range in Deg. C PE Film 100-120 No gas 289-335 CH4, C2H6 >700 CO,CO2 PP 140 - 160 271-329 C2H6 PS 110-140 300-350 C6H6 PE Foam 120-125 309-385 CH4 Tea Cup 130-150 No Gas 313-420 C2H­6 NO TOXIC GAS EVOLVED PVC – not considered Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

Physical Properties- Softening & Thickness Most of them soften below 1700c except Poly vinyl chloride and Polyethylene terepthalate ( Table – 1) Commercial Plastic material Nature of Plastics Thickness μ Softening Point Deg C Cup Poly ethylene 70 100-120 Carry bag 10 Parcel cover 50 Milk Pouch LDPE 60 Film Polyethylene 120-130 Foam NA 100-110 Chocolate covers Polyester+Poly ethylene+metalised polyester 20 155 Supari cover Polyester+Poly ethylene 120-135 Biscuit covers 40 170 Water bottle PET 210 170-180 Cool drinks bottle Decoration papers BOPP 100 110 Polystyrene Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASTIC COATED AGGREGATE NIL SOUNDNESS NIL MOISTURE ABSORPTION IMPROVED AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE IMPROVED ABRASION VALUE IMPROVED CRUSHING VALUE Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14 ZERO VOIDS

Salient features of the Process Multi layer films can be used No new machinery required No Industry Involvement No granulation or Powdering of plastics- only shredding In-situ process Eco friendly process Only stone is modified and not Bitumen Scraps can be used Value addition to waste plastics No need for land filling and Incineration Carbon dioxide emission prevented Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

SALIENT FEATURES – WASTE PLASTICS BITUMEN ROAD STRENGTH INCREASED BY 100% NO POT HOLES, RUTTING AND RAVELLING FORMED WITHSTAND HEAVY LOAD DECREASED BITUMEN CONSUMPTION - CONSTRUCTION COST REDUCED VALUE ADDITION TO WASTE PLASTICS NIL MAINTENANCE COST FOR MORE THAN 7 YEARS NO EFFECT OF RADIATION LIKE UV LIFE OF THE ROAD - DOUBLED Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

Removal of Bitumen Difficult due to Extraction of Bitumen from bitumen/PCA % of Plastics added (gm) 5 Minutes 10 Minutes 15 Minutes Bitumen Removed (%) - 96.0 98.0 99.0 63.5 88.7 92.3 10 63.2 86.7 90.7 15 61.3 76.7 83.6 Removal of Bitumen Difficult due to Improved binding – possible using decaline solvent Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

Material Needed Plain Bitumen Process Plastic-tar road 25mm SDBC- 10M2 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Material Needed Plain Bitumen Process Plastic-tar road 80/100 Bitumen 11250Kg 10125Kg Plastic waste ----- 1125Kg Cost Rs. 393750 (BIT)Rs.354375+(plastic)Rs.13500 = Rs. 367875 Cost Reduced NIL Rs. 25875.00 Carbon Credit Achieved on avoiding burning of plastics 3.5tonnes Plastic free Municipal Solid Waste - organic manure Maintenance of the road – Reduced Cost Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

Benefits of laying plastic roads – Rural Roads Rural Roads- 24.5 lakhs Km if these roads are constructed as plastic tar roads – we need 24.5 lakhs tones of waste plastics!!!!!!- We prevent nearly 75 lakh tones of Carbon Dioxide entering our atmosphere by burning waste plastics We save 24.5 lakhs tons of bitumen We save nearly Rs 12250 crores worth of bitumen No maintenance cost for ten years Total waste plastics used for packing material per in India is around 20 lakhs tones only. The plastic available is insufficient for laying rural roads only. In a nut shell the Government provides not only good roads but also uses all the waste plastics and reduces carbon dioxide – bitumen usage. Not less than 20000 crores saved To convert all roads in India to plastic roads we need import plastic waste from other countries If all roads are converted in to plastic roads ?????????? Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

PLASTIC TAR ROAD LAID IN INDIA TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT DRDA – ALL DISTRICTS (2000 KmS) CORPORATIONS – ALL HQ’S PANCHAYAT BOARDS HIGH WAYS Private Promoters Recent Work Himachal Pradesh- Shimla Tata Nagar- Jamshedpur SHILLONG - MEGHALAYA 2. Kerela Government: National Transport Planning and research centre Private schools and Colleges Corporation Private Promoters Hosur Jeya Krishna Mill Resorts Cantonment Pondicherry 3. Pondicherry Government – PWD 4. Maharashtra Government – Mumbai Corporation 5. Goa Government – Ponda municipality 6. Andhra Pradesh Government – Hindpur – Private sector Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

Performance Comparative Study Test Bitumen Road Plastic tar Road Reasoning – plastic tar road Skid Resistance <65 More than the expected value 76 Within the limit 45 Not very smooth – supported by texture value Sand Texture .6-.8 More depth 0.83 Less depth >0.6 Due to bonding- in permissable limit Roughness 4000 More bumps 5200 Less Bump >4000 Better binding- less rutting and ravelling Benkelman beam 0.5-1 Rebound slightly High 1.55 Rebound Less Supported by bonding- base surface defect is taken care of by the plastic tar road Density 2.86 Moderate 2.88 Moderate Value 2.55 Better binding Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

Application of Plastone Blocks S. No Products Specialty 1. Path Way Blocks No Sand No Water No Bitumen No Cement No Adhesives Use of Waste Plastics and Low graded Stones 2. Paver Blocks 3. Water Cannel Linings 4. Compound Walls 5. Lawns Floors 6. Bricks as load bearers 7. Brick for Shock Resisting Walls 8. Rail Sleepers 9. Portable Speed Breakers 10. Surface Modified Decorative blocks (Rubber, Polymer) Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

3.We thank Central Pollution control Board Acknowledgement: We thank Management, Staff and Principal of Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai We Thank Department of Science and Technology for their financial support for the project under the green chemistry scheme 3.We thank Central Pollution control Board 4.We thank Indian Centre for Plastics and Environment 5. We thank NRRDA- for publishing guidelines 6. We thank CRRI and IRC for their continuous support 7. We thank Govt. of India and Govt. of Tamil Nadu 8. We thank MOEF, India for their continuous support Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CONTACT DETAILS Dr. R. VASUDEVAN DEAN ECA & PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MADURAI – 625015 TAMIL NADU INDIA MOB: +91-9486486728 EMAIL: deaneca@tce.edu Dr. R. Vasudevan 26-11-14