 Matter is everything in the universe that has mass and takes up space.

 Air is an example of matter.

 Mass is the amount of matter something contains. A large heavy elephant has more mass than a leaf.

 The three states of matter are solid, liquid, gas.

 A solid is matter that has a definite shape and takes up a definite amount of space.

 A liquid is matter that takes the shape of its container and takes up a definite amount of space.

 If you pour a liquid from one container to the other the matter will stay the same.

 A gas is matter that has no definite shape and takes up no definite amount of space.

 An ice cube is an example of matter that changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas.  An ice cube melts and the liquid becomes water vapor.

 A solid is the state of matter that keeps its shape.

 Liquids and gases are states of matter that take the shape of their containers.

 Taking away heat can change a liquid to a solid.

 If all the ice in the world melted, the oceans would rice 180 feet and the Statue of Liberty would be completely under water except for the torch and crown.

 A physical change is a change is size, shape, or state (solid, liquid, gas)

 Example: Cutting a piece of paper - cutting a piece of paper is a physical change because the shape and size of the paper are changed.

Other Examples of Physical Changes:  An ice cube melts in your hand  An ice cube is cracked with a hammer  Rock candy is changed to confectioners' sugar (powdered sugar)  Butter melting on a hot waffle  snapping a long piece of chalk into two pieces  Hardened slabs of steel are heated and passed through rollers to make a thin sheet of steel  Boiling water.

 A Chemical Change produces one or more substances and may release energy.  Signs of a chemical change may include the formation of one or more new substances, a color change, or a release of energy.

Examples of a chemical changes:  A silver teapot changes from shiny silver to dark and dull  Vinegar and baking soda are mixed in a bottle with a balloon covering the top  A burning match  Bread baking  An anchor rusting