Kick Off October 4, 2013 Define: -Flying buttress (414) -Illumination (414) -Troubadours (416) -Scholasticism (417) -Heresy (419)

Review Qualifier 1.Who was Justinian I? 2.What was the Nika Revolt? How did the influence of Theodora affect the outcome of the Nika Revolt? 3.Who were the iconoclasts?

4. Why did the split occur between the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church? 5. Who was Yaroslav the Wise? 6. What did Cyril and Methoidus do?

ART AND CULTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES Textbook section 14.3

Cathedral of Notre Dame Paris, France

Byzantine monumental Church mosaics Monreale, Sicily, late 12 th century

Carolingian Gospel Book

6 th or 7 th century Coptic icon of Jesus and an abbot Anti-realist style of Byzantine icon art

Chartres Cathedral c. 1220

Reconstruction of the temple of Jerusalem c. 1460

WHAT THEMES ARE YOU SEEING IN THE ART OF THE MIDDLE AGES? WHAT DOES THIS TELL YOU ABOUT THE VALUES OF PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE AGES? Think – pair- share

Visual Arts Gothic architecture – Flying buttresses allowed for taller buildings and larger windows Most medieval art was religious

Literature Mostly religious Troubadours spread news and preformed epics The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer – Collection of stories shared by travellers The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri – Dante’s (imaginary) trip through the afterlife

Thinking and Learning Alchemy – early form of chemistry Universities established Thomas Aquinas – Tried to balance secular idea of human reason and Christian-based faith – Approach called scholasticism

CHALLENGES OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES

Religious Crises Because Christianity was such a unifying element, religious crises were a huge threat Heresy – Beliefs that opposed the official teachings of the church – Many deemphasized the role of clergy (church leaders) and sacraments (rituals) – Church fought back w/ Inquisitions, Christian education, and war Dispute over papacy in 1309 – Political dispute forced pope to flee to Avignon – Upon return, confusion led to two popes

Wars and Conflict Hundred Years War – French king died w/ no son – English king closest relative – England wanted to rule both countries – English had superior weapons – Joan of Arc inspires French to victory Joan of Arc War of the Roses – Lancasters vs. Yorks – Both had roses as symbols – Began Tudor dynasty as Henry VII who was related to both dynasties took the throne

The Black Death Devastating plague that swept through the continent between 1347 and 1351plague Still not certain what disease Struck Mongol armies in 1346, infested rats carried disease on trade ships to Europe Almost always fatal (1/3 of European population) People thought God was punishing them for sins Some blamed Jews, said they poisoned wells Brought an end to manorial system

Black Death Choice Board Create a comic strip with at least 4 frames depicting the Black Death. Write a one-page newspaper article about the Black Death hitting a medieval town. Include a catchy title! Read pages 424 – 425 (primary sources from the Black Death). Answer the questions for 3 different documents. Create a poster or pamphlet describing cures and ways to protect yourself from the plague. Use your resources! Textbook, notebook, books in the back of the room, and smart phones!

Journal Entry The traditional nursery rhyme, Ring Around the Rosy can be traced back to outbreaks of the plague in England in the 1660s as well as the initial outbreak of the plague in the 1300s in Europe. Symptoms of the plague included a red ring around the buboes that occurred as a result of the disease (ring around the rosy). The pockets of the dead were filled with spices and flowers in order to mask the terrible stench (pocket full of posies). The bodies were eventually burned because there were too many to bury (ashes, ashes, we all fall down). Why do you think that people chose to make a nursery rhyme out of such a terrible topic? What purpose did it serve? Why do we still use it?