Perfect Passive Voice Latin I Grammar Lesson

Characteristics of Verbs  Verbs have five basic characteristics 1.Person 2.Number 3.Tense 4.Voice 5.Mood

Voice  Voice indicates whether the subject is doing or is receiving the action of the verb –Active voice reflects a subject that is doing the action –Passive voice reflects a subject that is receiving the action

Active Voice Examples:  The dog has bitten the man. –Subject is dog –The dog is “doing the biting”  The player had kicked the ball. –Subject is player –The player is “doing the kicking”

Passive Voice Examples:  The man has been bitten by the dog. –Subject is man –The man is “receiving the biting”  The ball will have been kicked by the player. –Subject is ball –The ball is “receiving the kicking”

Review of Terms  1 st P.P:1 st person singular, present tense  2 nd P.P.present infinitive; present stem  3 rd P.P.1 st person singular, perfect tense; perfect active stem  4 th P.P.perfect passive participle

Perfect Passive System Formulae Formulae:  Present Perfect Passive : 4 th P.P. and sum  Pluperfect Passive: 4 th P.P. and eram  Future Perfect Passive: 4 th P.P. and ero –Perfect Passive is a two word form

Perfect Passive Tense  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um  4 th P.P. and sum Amatus sumamāti sumus Amātus esamāti estis Amātus estamāti sunt English Translation  English Helping Verbs: “has/have been” + -ed  I have been loved  you have been loved  he has been loved  we have been loved  y’all have been loved  they have been loved

Pluperfect Passive Tense  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um  4 th P.P. and eram Amata eramamātae eramus Amāta erasamātae eratis Amāta eratamātae erant English Translation  English Helping Verbs: “had been” + -ed  I had been loved  you had been loved  she had been loved  we had been loved  y’all had been loved  they had been loved

Future Perfect Passive Tense  amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um  4 th P.P. and ero Amatum ero amāta erimus Amātum eris amāta eritis Amātum erit amāta erunt English Translation  English Helping Verbs: “will have been” + -ed  I will have been loved  you will have been loved  it will have been loved  we will have been loved  y’all will have been loved  they will have been loved