Perfect Passive Participles Chapter 19

Perfect Passive Participle A first/second declension adjective No tricks! Formed by replacing the –um of the supine of a verb with regular first/second declension endings –us, -a, -um, et cetera.

The Su’whaty’pine?? The supine of the verb can usually be found as the…. FOURTH PRINCIPAL PART!! Occultō, occultāre, occultāvī, occultātum Videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum Audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītum Capiō, capere, cēpī, captum

Forming the Perfect Passive Participle Supine – um + (-us, a, um ending) =PPP Ex. Masculine Occultātum- um = Occultāt

Occultāt +masculine endings SingularPlural NominativeOccultātusOccultātī GenitiveOccultātīOccultātōrum DativeOccultātōOccultātīs AccusativeOccultātumOccultātōs AblativeOccultātōOccultātīs

Occultāt + feminine endings SingularPlural NominativeOccultātaOccultatae GenitiveOccultātaeOccultatārum DativeOccultātaeOccultatīs AccusativeOccultātamOccultatās AblativeOccultātāOccultatīs

Occultāt + neuter endings SingularPlural NominativeOccultātumOccultata GenitiveOccultātīOccultatōrum DativeOccultātōOccultatīs AccusativeOccultātumOccultata AblativeOccultātōOccultatīs

You try with capiō, capere, cēpī, captum, masculine SingularPlural NominativeCaptusCaptī GenitiveCaptīCaptōrum DativeCaptōCaptīs AccusativeCaptumCaptōs AblativeCaptōCaptīs

You try with capiō, capere, cēpī, captum, feminine SingularPlural NominativeCaptaCaptae GenitiveCaptaeCaptārum DativeCaptaeCaptīs AccusativeCaptamCaptās AblativeCaptāCaptīs

You try with capiō, capere, cēpī, captum, neuter SingularPlural NominativeCaptumCapta GenitiveCaptīCaptōrum DativeCaptōCaptīs AccusativeCaptumCapta AblativeCaptōCaptīs

Participles Participles are forms of verbs used as adjectives. Latin has four different participles, which are used extensively because of their ability to convey much meaning in little space. English usually needs an entire clause to say what a Latin participle can in one word.

Participles Verbal adjectives – Adjectives because they match the noun they modify in ___________, __________, and ____________. Also can be used as substantives and even as comparatives. – Verbs because they have tense and voice CaseNumber Gender

Participles English Present Active – Chewing Past Passive – Chewed Latin Two Active – Present and Future Two Passive – Perfect and Future

Tenses Tenses assigned to participles are not the same as for regular verb forms. The tenses of a participle are relative. Present participles show action happening at the same time as the main verb. Perfect participles show action that happened before the main verb. Future participles show action that will happen after the main verb.

The Perfect Passive Participle Always refers to something that occurred before the main verb. They are passive, so whatever they refer to received the action rather than performed it. Allow Latin to express in a single word what would require a phrase in English. – Especially when used as a substantive

Easy-Mac Translation Use “having been” before the English past participle – Vīsus, vīsa, vīsum- having been seen, seen – Vocātus, vocāta, vocātum- having been called, called – Aedificātus, aedificāta, aedificātum- having been built, built – Quaesītus, quaesīta, quaesītum- having been sought, sought

Mīlitibus vocātīs praemia māgna imperātor dabit. Dabit is in the future. The ppp refers to some time before the action of this future verb. First the solider will be called, then the general will give them the rewards. To the soldiers having been called/ summoned the general will give large rewards. (or) To the called/ summoned soldiers the general will give large rewards.

Vocātus ab imperātōre vēnit. Main verb is in the present tense. Vocātus refers to a time even before vēnit i.e., first the man was called by the general, then (obeying the call) he came. Having been called by the general, he came. (or) Called by the general, he came.

Homework Exercise 1 in your packet