Biomolecules discussion EQ: Distinguish between biomolecules by creating a 3d model of each and summarizing its structure and function in a graphic organizer. OBJ: Recognize structure and function of common biomolecules Biomolecules discussion

What is a Biomolecule? Organic molecule made by living organisms Consists mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Pose a question to students. Discuss “bio” and “molecule”. Then discuss the correct definition. Image citation: Unknown. (Designer). (2009). Uridine diphosphate 2. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uridine_diphosphate_2.png

But wait…What is an Organic Molecule? Organic Molecules: Contain carbon Considered the “chemicals of life” Inorganic Molecules: Do not contain carbon Ask students if they know the difference between organic and inorganic molecules prior to showing the definitions. Students may link this to organic foods. If students mention this, distinguish between organic foods and organic molecules.

Monomers vs. Polymers Monomers: Polymers: Molecules that may react with similar molecules to form a chain Polymers: A chain of many monomers that are chemically bonded together Ask students to think about the prefixes “mono” and “poly” to try to determine differences between these two molecules. Then, show the correct definitions.

Animation of Condensation http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html Embed an animation representing condensation on this slide (see Advance Preparation). You can locate an appropriate animation by searching “condensation animation” on any Internet search engine.

Formation of Polymers How are polymers formed? Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water, and the two monomers are joined together. After viewing the animation on the previous slide ask students to describe what happened. Then reveal the definition.

Animation showing Hydrolysis http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html Embed an animation representing hydrolysis. You can locate an appropriate animation by searching “hydrolysis animation” on any Internet search engine.

Breakdown of Polymers How are polymers broken down? Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation) Water added to the polymer, un-linking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units After viewing the animation on the previous slide ask students to describe what happened. Then, reveal the definition.

Carbohydrates What are carbohydrates? Group of organic molecules that includes sugars, starches, and cellulose Allow students to share what they remember from the Explore activity. Use the information students remember to assist in explaining each piece to them. Discuss with students what types of foods have carbohydrates. Discuss that when we eat carbohydrates, our body has to break them down into simpler sugars that our cells can use. Image citation: Yiulamsunny. (Designer). (2008). Carbohydrates. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carbohydrates.jpeg

Carbohydrates Structure: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio (CH2O)n – n is an integer such as 5 (C5H10O5) Subunits: monosaccharides, such as glucose or fructose Most often in a ring shape Subunits are connected with covalent bonds.

Monosaccharide Example

Disaccharide Example

Polysaccharide Example

Carbohydrates Function: Energy Structural support Cell wall Cell membrane marker

Lipids What are they? Organic molecule group including fats and phospholipids Discuss with students what types of foods have lipids. Discuss with students that the lipids we eat must be broken down and processed by our body before being used for energy or being stored as fat within our cells. Image citation: Boumphreyfr. (Designer). (2009). Fatty acids. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fatty_acids.png

Lipids Structure: Subunits: Insoluble in water Glycerol and fatty acids Glycerol and fatty acids plus phosphate group Insoluble in water Do not form large polymers (2 or 3 fatty acids with glycerol) Examples: diglyceride and triglyceride Image citation: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFatty_acids.png

Triglyceride Example Image citation: Lennert, B. (Designer). (2005). Triglyceride. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Triglyceride.svg

Phospholipid Example

Lipids Function: Energy storage Insulation Part of cell membrane (phospholipids) Hormones Image citation: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFatty_acids.png

Proteins What are proteins? Group of organic molecules that provides structure and facilitates chemical reactions. Allow students to share what they remember from the Explore activity, before explaining each piece to them. Again, discuss with students which types of foods have proteins (Don’t let them forget about milk, nuts, legumes, and eggs.) and how our body must break down the proteins we eat into components that can be used by our cells. Image citation: Rowe, J. (Designer). (2008). Protein z. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Protein_Z.png

Proteins Structure: Subunits: Amino acids Amino acids connect via peptide bonds Very large molecules Globular or structural Allow students to share what they remember from the explore activity, before explaining each piece to them.

Amino Acid

Proteins Function: Lots of functions! Enzymes (speed rate of chemical reactions) Structural components in cells Mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton (internal cell framework) Cell signaling Immune response

Nucleic Acids What are nucleic acids? Group of organic molecules including DNA and RNA Image citation: Unknown. (Photographer). (2006). Dna-structure-and-bases. [Web Graphic]. Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA-structure-and-bases.png

Nucleic Acids Structure: Subunits are nucleotides—5-Carbon sugar, Nitrogen base, and one or more Phosphate groups.

Nucleic Acids Function: Storage and retrieval of information: Encode genes Gene expression

Information Sources for Diagrams Capri, A. (2003). Carbohydrates. Retrieved from http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=61 Capri, A. (2003). Fats and proteins. Retrieved from http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=62 Indiana University. (2013). Fat and why it matters to you. Retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/Fat/SolidNLiquid.html Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/H-index.cfm?definition=hydrogen_bond Chemical Education Digital Library Admin. (2011, January 20). Nucleic acid structure. Retrieved from Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/H-index.cfm?definition=hydrogen_bond Dna structure. (2010, September 28). Retrieved from http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO 205/LessonBuilders/Chapter 9 LB/Ch9b3.html

Information Sources for this PPT Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Biomolecules and the Chemistry of Life. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/ Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/organic-inorganic-molecules.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Monomers, Polymers, and Dehydration Synthesis - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/monomers-polymers-dehydration-synthesis.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Lipids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/lipids.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Carbohydrates - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/carbohydrates.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Proteins - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/proteins.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Nucleic Acids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/nucleic-acids.html