8.2 Notes - England HAPPY TUDOR FRIDAY!!!

Warm-Up (on separate paper to be handed in 5 mins…)  Recall 5 Plus details about the Spanish Armada… (maybe in the shape of a boat / sails/cannons/ or even a hot fire ship!)

The Tudors ( )  The royal family that controlled England.  Brought unity to the country after a long period of decline and disorder.  They greatly expanded the power and authority of the crown.  They were not as absolute in their rule as other European monarchs.  Had institutions such as Parliament and the courts of law so boundaries could be set on the authority that the Tudor monarchs could exercise. Tudor family Crest:

King Henry VII  The first Tudor monarch  Helped rebuild England’s commercial prosperity.  Encouraged the expansion of foreign trade.  He promoted the improved collection of taxes as well as careful government spending.  In foreign policy, Henry avoided war, using diplomacy and the arrangement of suitable royal marriages to strengthen England’s interests abroad.

King Henry VIII  The second Tudor monarch.  The son of Henry VII.  The most powerful of all Tudor monarchs.  Fought wars on the European continent and began to make England a great naval power.  Worked with Parliament to obtain his personal goals and to break with the Catholic Church.  Had a wild personal life (six wives).

King Henry the Playboy  Six Wives:  Divorced: Catherine of Aragon  Beheaded: Anne Boleyn  Died: Jane Seymour  Divorced: Anne of Cleves  Beheaded: Kathryn Howard  Survived: Katherine Parr

King Edward VI  Henry’s son and successor.  Was only 9 years old when he was named king.  He dies at 15 years old, after a short reign.  Protestant nobles plotted to prevent Edward’s Catholic half sister, Mary, from becoming queen.  The people of England, though, supported Mary’s claim to the Tudor throne.  Caption this pic!!

Queen Mary I  Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.  Her Catholic policies offended the English.  Despite strong opposition, Mary married Philip II of Spain in  The next year, she restores Catholicism and had about 300 Protestants burned at the stake for heresy.  Mary dies childless and the throne is passed to her Protestant half sister, Elizabeth.

Mary Tudor VLAS  Mary’s song: Mary’s song:   1 st vla: Mary and Phillip A UN love story: 

Queen Elizabeth I  Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.  Becomes queen in 1558 when she is 25 years old.  She was clever, highly educated, and had a forceful personality.  Her sharp tongue often got her into arguments with Parliament.  But Elizabeth used her authority for the common good of her people and had the loyalty and confidence of her subjects.  Queen Elizabeth’s reign was one of England’s great cultural periods.  Example: the theater flourished under playwrights such as William Shakespeare.  Dies in 1603 at the age of 69.  With her death comes the end of the Tudor dynasty.

“I will have but one mistress [England] and no master.”  The common attitude of England at the time was that only men were fit to rule and that government matters were beyond a woman’s ability.  Elizabeth had two options:  1. Marry a foreign prince.  2. Never get married.  She never married.  Learned from her sister, Mary, never to marry a foreign Prince because it would endanger England.  She also did not want to get married because if she had to pick a husband, marrying an Englishman would cause jealousies among the English nobility.  Bottom line: Elizabeth is a boss  BUT, who would become Elizabeth’s successor???

Queen Liz and the Gov.  Government:  In government matters, Elizabeth was assisted by a council of nobles.  With her approval, they drafted proclamations, handled foreign relations, and made sure that England ran smoothly.  Social and Economic Policy:  Elizabeth believed in the importance of social rank.  Queen and her court.  Prominent nobles from the great landed families  Gentry – Lesser nobles, merchants, lawyers, and clergy.  Yeomen – Farmers with small landholdings and laborers.

Money = Power  Elizabeth inherited a monarchy that was badly in debt.  But, the Queen spent lavishly on court ceremonies to show the power and dignity of the monarchy.  (In other matters, though, she was super cheat and even had the nickname, “pinchpenny”. )  When Elizabeth’s reign is over, England is badly in debt.

Foreign Policy  For security, the English relied on the English Channel to protect their island from European invaders.  Building and maintain a strong navy was critical in defending the nation.  For this reason, Elizabeth continued the efforts begun by her Tudor predecessors to build such a navy.  The attack of the Spanish Armada made England realize the dangers of an alliance between Spain and France.  England might be able to defeat one power but definitely not both!  As a result, the English relied on diplomacy as well as sea power to protect themselves.

Balance of Power  Balance of Power: The system in which each nation helps to keep peace and order by maintaining power that is equal to, or in balance with, rival nations.  If one nation becomes more powerful than the other, a third nation can reestablish the balance by supporting the second nation.  Under Queen Elizabeth’s rule, England operated as the third balancing nation.  Elizabeth and England became the third balancing nation when they supported the Dutch when King Philip II wanted to convert the Protestant nation to a Catholic one.

VLAs: Create Details of Tudor Life: AMAP!  Tudors Song:  Strange Tudor Laws:   Tudor Toothpaste:

Wrap-Up Project Triple Threat: (counts as a project grade).  Create a family tree of the Tudors,  1. Include Only the following People: Henry VII, His son Henry VIII Then Include ALL of Henry VIII’s wives and children!  2. Also include Tudor Family Crest (shown earlier)  3. AND Create or find YOUR OWN FAMILY CREST and include 1-2 sentences on why you choose the images for your family crest that you did!  4. Needs to include a picture and three facts about each person listed above.  Facts can be on the back of your paper if you run out of room.  You can use the internet to find pictures or hand draw, whatever you would like!  This doesn’t have to be in the shape of an actual tree, so make it creative!  Will be collected on Tuesday at the beginning of class and counted as a project grade.  MAKE IT NEAT AND COLORFUL!