Slide 1 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Slide 2 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Comparing the Cell to a Factory o Eukaryotic Cell Structures o Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as _______________________. o Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: o The _____________: Houses cell’s DNA o The ______________ o The ___________is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Site of most of the cells __________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Comparing the Cell to a Factory Plant Cell Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Vacuole Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 4 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Comparing the Cell to a Factory Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Nucleus Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Centrioles Animal Cell

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 5 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus o Nucleus Nucleus o The ____________is the _____________ of the cell. o The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's _________and with it the coded instructions for _______________ and other important molecules.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 6 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus The Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Chromatin

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 7 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus o The nucleus is surrounded by a _________________ composed of two membranes. o The envelope is dotted with ________ __________, which allow material to move in and out of the nucleus. Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 8 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus o The granular material in the nucleus is called _______________. o Chromatin consists of _______________________. Chromatin

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 9 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus o When a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form ____________________. o _______________contain the ________________ that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 10 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleus o Most nuclei also contain a _________________. o The nucleolus is where the ______________ _______begins. o Nucleus Review Nucleus Nucleolus

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 11 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ribosomes o Ribosomes o One of the most important jobs carried out in the cell is making proteins. o Proteins are assembled on ___________. o ______________are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 12 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ribosomes o Ribosomes produce proteins by following _______ _______________ that come from the ___________. o Cells that are active in protein synthesis are often packed with ribosomes. o ________________

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 13 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum o Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum o Eukaryotic cells contain an internal membrane system called the___________ ____________________________. o The endoplasmic reticulum is where __________________________________ ________, along with _____________ __________________________________ from the cell.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 14 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 15 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum o There are two types of ______________________. o The portion of the ER involved in ______________ is called ___________________________________. o _______________are found on the surface of rough ER. o Rough ER is abundant in cells that produce ______ ________________________________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 16 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Endoplasmic Reticulum o ______________________________on its surface. o _______________ contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, such as __________ __________________________________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 17 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Golgi Apparatus o Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus o Proteins produced in the rough ER move into the __________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 18 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Golgi Apparatus o The Golgi apparatus appears as a _____________ __________________________________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 19 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Golgi Apparatus o The Golgi apparatus ____________________ _________________________________________ ______________________________for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. o From the Golgi apparatus, proteins are then “________” to their final destinations throughout the cell or outside of the cell. o Video review Video

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 20 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lysosomes o Lysosomes Lysosomes o _______________ are small organelles filled with enzymes. o Lysosomes ____________________________ ______________________________that can be used by the rest of the cell. o Lysosomes also __________________________ ________________________________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 21 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles o Vacuoles Vacuoles o Some cells contain saclike structures called _______________ that _____________________ ________________________________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 22 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles o In many plant cells there is a single, large ______ _____________ filled with liquid. o The ____________ _______________allows plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers. Vacuole

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 23 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Vacuoles o Vacuoles are also found in some unicellular organisms and in some animals. o The paramecium contains a __________ ____________that _____ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________. Contractile vacuole

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 24 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Mitochondrion o Mitochondria Mitochondria o Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain __________________. o Mitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food ________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 25 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts o Mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes—an __________________________________________ ______________. o The inner membrane (_____) is ___________ inside the organelle.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplast o Chloroplasts Chloroplasts o Plants and some other organisms contain___________. o Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called _________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 27 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Mitochondria and Chloroplasts o Chloroplasts are surrounded by _______________. o Chloroplasts contain the green pigment _________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 28 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton o Cytoskeleton o Eukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by the __________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 29 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to_________ ______________. The cytoskeleton is also involved in ________________. The cytoskeleton is made up of:cytoskeleton ___________________

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 30 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton Ribosomes Mitochondrion Endoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane Microtubule Microfilament

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 31 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Microfilaments: are threadlike structures made up of the protein ____________. form extensive networks in some cells. __________________________________ that supports the cell. _____________________________.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 32 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton Microtubules _____________________ are hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins. Microtubules: Maintain__________________. are important in ______________________. build projections from the cell _____________ ____________________ —that enable some cells to swim rapidly through liquids.

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 33 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cytoskeleton o In animal cells, structures known as ___________ are formed from tubulin. o _________________ are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.

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Slide 35 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as a.a dense region called the nucleolus. b.the nuclear envelope. c.granular material called chromatin. d.condensed bodies called chloroplasts.

Slide 36 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to a.break down organelles. b.assemble proteins. c.maintain homeostasis. d.make new organelles.

Slide 37 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Chloroplasts are found in the cells of a.plants only. b.plants and some other organisms. c.all eukaryotes. d.most prokaryotes.

Slide 38 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? a.synthesize proteins b.modify proteins c.sort proteins d.package proteins

Slide 39 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a.manufactures new cell organelles b.assists in movement of some cells from one place to another c.releases energy in cells d.modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

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