Petrine Epistles. Key Facts Author: Peter the apostle Date: early to mid 60s Provenance: Rome Destinations: Northern Asia Minor.

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Presentation transcript:

Petrine Epistles

Key Facts Author: Peter the apostle Date: early to mid 60s Provenance: Rome Destinations: Northern Asia Minor

Key Facts Occasion: 1 Peter: persecution of the church 2 Peter: false teaching in the church Purpose: 1 Peter: Encourage Christians to stay on course 2 Peter: Combat false teaching

1 Peter Authorship - generally no major issue, except: i.Does Peter know greek well enough? ii.Is there persecution during Peter’s lifetime? - by the state or other forms of persecution that is localised? iii.Could reference to “Babylon” 5:13 and “elder” in 5:1 post-70?

1 Peter Authorship - generally no major issue, except: iv.Is Peter dependent on Paul, especially Romans and Ephesians? v.What about the destination in Asia Minor where it could not be evangelised till later? - See Acts 2, Edict of Claudius, Paul’s missionary journeys makes Asia Minor possible

1 Peter: Destination Northern Asia Minor (Turkey) Jews? diaspora in 1:1. Possibly Jews and Gentiles - see 1:18; 4:3 (unlikely for Peter to refer to Judaism this way)

1 Peter: Occasion Persecution: 1:16 - various trials 2:19 - unjust suffering 3:16; 4:4 - slandered/accused 4:12 - fiery ordeal 4:13 - sufferings of the Messiah 4:19 - suffering according to God’s will

1 Peter: Themes 1)Christian suffering and the end time suffering and eternal destiny (1:1; 1:3; 1:13, 20-21) Christ serves as example (2:21-25; 4:1-2)

1 Peter: Themes 2.Identity of the people of God 1.reminiscent of OT Israel --> continuity of Church and and OT people of God (2:9) 1.Isa 43:20; Deut 7:6; 10:15 - Chosen race 2.Ex 19:6; 23:22 - Royal priesthood, holy nation, a people for his possession 3.Isa 42:12; 43:21 - to proclaim his praises 4.Hos 1:10; 2:23 - once not a people, now God’s people

1 Peter: Themes 2.Identity of the people of God 2.believers are pilgrims --> diaspora (1:1-2); aliens and temporary residents (1:17; 2:11)

1 Peter: Themes 3.Submission to Authorities 2:13-3:7

2 Peter Authorship seriously challenged Close parallel to Jude Stylistic differences between 1 Peter and 2 Peter

2 Peter Date: most likely towards the end of Peter’s life (1:14-15)

2 Peter Provenance: no mention in the letter, but likely Rome

2 Peter Destination: not mentioned. 2 Pet 3:1 - clues it could be same destination as 1 Peter

2 Peter: Themes Christian virtues (1:3-21)

2 Peter: Themes 2 Peter 1: Remember, remember 2 Peter 2: Beware, beware 2 Peter 3: Behold, behold

Johannine Epistles

1 John Author: John, son of Zebedee Uses simple vocabulary - vocabulary of 303 words in all 3 Johannine letters

1-3 John Date: after Gospel of John, 80s-90s

1-3 John 1 John - letter to various groups 2 & 3 John - letters to individual

1 John Occasion recent departure of false teachers (2:19), and the churches are in need of instruction

1 John False teachers: 1 John 2:22-23; denial that Jesus is the Messiah Do not know God Do not conduct themselves ethically (not loving one another) Reject apostolic witness (1:1-5)

1 John 1:1-4 - prologue 1:5-2:27 - True Believers 2:28-3:24 - Ethics 4:1-5:12 - Doctrine 5: Epilogue

2 John the elect lady and her children a woman and her offspring? figurative reference to a church? - more likely (see vv. 5; 7-11)

2 John Occasion: return of delegation sent by the church to the apostle

3 John my dear friend Gaius letter of recommendation for Demetrius (vv ) and warning against Diotrephes (vv 9- 10).