ANTARES

12 lines 25 storeys / line 3 PMTs / storey 900 PMTs ~70 m 100 m 350 m 14.5 m Link cable Junction Box cable to shore Anchor/line socket storey 2500m depth ANTARES Detector

ANTARES Collaboration CPPM, Marseille CPPM, Marseille DSM/IRFU/CEA, Saclay DSM/IRFU/CEA, Saclay APC Paris APC Paris IPHC (IReS), Strasbourg IPHC (IReS), Strasbourg Univ. de H.-A., Mulhouse Univ. de H.-A., Mulhouse IFREMER, Toulon/Brest IFREMER, Toulon/Brest C.O.M. Marseille C.O.M. Marseille LAM, Marseille LAM, Marseille GeoAzur Villefranche GeoAzur Villefranche University/INFN of Bari University/INFN of Bari University/INFN of Bologna University/INFN of Bologna University/INFN of Catania University/INFN of Catania LNS – Catania LNS – Catania University/INFN of Pisa University/INFN of Pisa University/INFN of Rome University/INFN of Rome University/INFN of Genova University/INFN of Genova IFIC, Valencia IFIC, Valencia UPV, Valencia UPV, Valencia NIKHEF, Amsterdam NIKHEF, Amsterdam KVI Groningen KVI Groningen NIOZ Texel NIOZ Texel ITEP,Moscow ITEP,Moscow University of Erlangen University of Erlangen ISS, Bucarest ISS, Bucarest

Antares completed ! Last connections performed at 7.40 pm Thursday May 29, 2008 (12+1) line detector (872 PMTs) now fully operational Dalla presentazione in commissione dello scorso mese di Giugno

Champagne Farm Upgrade!

From the ERC/FRB meeting But !!

EDF Breaker Trip Tues 24 june, 9h25-circuit breaker tripped in power hut

Was it due to the Lizard? Lizard found fried across electrodes of transformer Death within few days of incident

Problem could be: a)I sea-shore part of cable  easy repair a)In sea part of cable  costly c) In Junction Box  extremely costly (requires several ROV operations) However c) unlikely, since optical transmission along fibers indicates normal conditions (humidity, pressure.. in JB)

1.DC resistance measurements 2.Electrolysis tests 3.Impedance/Phase measurements 4.Echometer measurements (ETDR) 5.Fibre Optic OTDR measurements Actions Taken to Understand Problem Finally problem located in the cable, at a distance of km from shore  Need to buy (from Alcatel) additional length of cable (5 km of spare cable already available, but judged insufficient by France Telecom Marine) Need also special connectors

MEOCable

MEOCable Route DA-SA ‘repair’ joint box: 1860m from shore SA-LWP joint box: 14116m from shore LWP-LW transition: 24290m from shore After 17km, deeper than 1500m

Dear Stavros, As chairman of the ANTARES Financial Rieview Board I address to you this request for finance for the ANTARES cable repair. As you know, the ANTARES power delivery fault is due to a short circuit in the sea. Although there remains a small possibility that the problem is in the junction box, it is most likely that the Problem is due to a fault in the cable in the deep sea. It is hoped that measurements to be performed in the coming week will remove any doubts about the fault location. In our negociations with France Telecom Marine it became clear that the spare cable and parts bought with the original cable are marginally adequate for a reliable repair. Hence we have obtained a quote from ALCATEL for more spare cable and jointing parts. The quote is: 5.6 km cable euro 3 spare joint kits euro total euro. This doubles the existing spares we possess already of 5km cable and 3 joint kits. The delivery is uncertain due to a summer holiday closing of the ALCATEL factory. Most likely the repair would take place at the end of August. We desire to place the order before the end of this week when the ALCATEL factory closes. In addition to the above costs, the cable ship operation will be euro/day plus fuel. The operation is estimated at 3-5 days and so would be around euro. Further, once this repair is done we would need to be resupplied with spares to cover any future faults. In the short term this adds up to 240Keuro. Clearly it must come out of 2009 common fund and would change completely our plans. I request your rapid agreement that we place this order. best regards, John Mail from John to S. Katsanevas – 23 July 2008

My (V.F.) cost estimate today Sept. 25: (but wait for final bills !!) Sea operations  9 x 12.5 kEuro = Euro Fuel 2500 Euros/day (7 days)  Euro RoV operation  Euro Sum of sea ops  160 kEuro (to be verified – fuel ?) Cable + joint kits  Euro Grand sum  Euro Green light given by Institutions to cover the foreseen cost of 240 kEuro using the CF ( )

Operation ROV Victor 29th/30th july Initial objectives: survey dead PM repair JB9 connector unscrew BSS releases recover useless ODI connectors cover sismo with sediments New priority: MEOC current measurements

Operation R. Croze 30th aug/6th sept

Broken cable A problem with the electro- optical-cable prevented operation during July and August The cable has been repaired and the detector data taking had continued smoothly

Detector operation in September Live channels: 90%

Background Light Rate Median counting rate in 10” PMT in Line 1 March 2006 – May 2008

Position alignment r = (a z - b ln[1-cz] ) v 2 Z(m) r(m) Example for Sea current v= 25 cm/s r max = 22m Measure every 1 min: Distance line bases to 5 storeys/line and also storey headings and tilts

Event reconstruction Three different reconstrution programs a)Aart Heinbooker (good angular resolution, large backgr.) b) Yvonne Becherini (analogous, less background) c) Jurgen Brunner (Recent development. Very fast. Good efficiency, slightly worse ang.res.

Example: Muon bundle height time

Example: Neutrino candidate height time

Neutrino selection – Multiline events Version 2Version 3.2 Nline>1 ; Nhit>5 bchi2>tchi2 tchi2<4.3 Nline>1 ; Nhit>5 bchi2>1.7 tchi2<1.4

Fit Quality for upward going tracks Multi line fit 0.78/day 0.005/day 0.70/day 1.29/day 1.22/day 0.01/day Version 2Version 3.2

Angular error for space angle When requiring more than 2 lines also azimuth becomes well defined Plot by J. Aguilars 5 lines detector

Contribution from reconstruction Contribution from reconstruction + kinematics 10 line detector Angular error for space angle

Correction for detector inclination Take sea current (here 9cm/sec) and direction Apply rotation to correct for non-verticality of detector Tiny effect (0.3º for 9cm/sec) but visible (0.05º) Azimuth averaging –2/  Zenith averaging: 0.64º 0.59º

Detector footprint Detector as seen by atmospheric muons: time of the first triggering hit

Oct. 1, Depth-intensity relation Flux ratio between Antares top and bottom roughly consistent with observations Our result for intensity in Corsika MC with Bugaev primary flux model at the can top (~2000 m clean water equivalent): I = 0.88e-7 mu/cm^2/sec --> ~15% smaller than Bugaev parameterization

Better angular resolutionLess background light South pole Mediterranean Sea, 43° N <25% exposure not visible ANTARES now a fully operational Neutrino Telescope ANTARES now a fully operational Neutrino Telescope ANTARES now biggest NT in Northern Hemisphere (Effective area very similar to AMANDA) Chance of major original discoveries

Expected sensitivity Point Sources of neutrinos Diffuse flux of neutrinos

New Management Elections: 11 September Spokesman: Paschal Coyle (CPPM) Deputy Sp.: J.J. Hernandez (IFIC-Valencia) Technical Coord.: M. Circella (INFN-Bari) + Resource Manager  VF confirmed

2009 CF cost estimate OutgoingExpenditure2009 Estimation Sea Operations Sea cable maintenance contract (MECMA)20,0 Sea Operations Assistence (AIM)40,0 Sea operations logistics10,0 Line Deployments and connections (1 line repair)240,0 sub total 310,0 JB Multiplexing Spare Y cable100,0 sub total 100,0 Line repair costs Logistics10,0 Purchase spare parts10,0 Integration site expenses10,0 Sub total line integration costs 30,0 Operations in La Seyne Rental FOSELEV31,2 Rental IMP3,0 Rental Cable route1,1 Contract maintainance Onduleur (MGE)2,0 Contract cleaning IMP ( Le Poseidon)4,5 Contract maintenance airconditioner (CALECO)0,8 Contracts security+fire1,0 Contract insurance IMP+Sablettes1,5 Contract crane maintenance, FOSELEV hanger0,5 Electricity Les Sablettes15,0 Electricity IMP15,0 Heating + Water IMP20,0 Consumables20,0 Repairs to IMP50,0 sub total operations in La Seyne 165,6 Total outgoing 605,6

From the minutes of the FRB meeting of 26 June 2008 The chairman of the collaboration board E. Flaminio presented the financial report concerning construction funds and the common operating fund. In brief the situation is as following: Construction: There remain approximatively 48 K€ non-spent by NIKHEF and 20 K€ by IFIC The collaboration asks IN2P3 an extra contribution of 75 K€ in 2009, beyond what has been already agreed, in order to complete the construction Operating funds: The collaboration proposes an operating fund of 605 K€ for the year IN2P3 agreed to provide the 75 K€ needed for the completion of the detector - NIKHEF and IFIC decided to donate the unspent funds to the 2009 common fund. - The common fund to be shared then among the partners according to the author list becomes then 535 K€.

ANTARES CF 2009 sharing (535 kEuro) GroupMembers PercentageContribution INFN2222,000117,3 IN2P32121,000112,4 GRPHE33,0016,0 INSU1212,00064,2 IFREMER-- BBF99,00048,2 MICINN88,00042,8 CEA1010,00053,5 ANCS33,00016,0 FOM1111,00058,9 NIOZ11,0005,4

Backup material

Sea current distribution South East West 80 % of time v < 10 cm/s, line top displacement < 3.5m

Line Alignment using tiltmeters- compasses + hydrophones 5 position sampling points 25 gradients (tiltmetre data from each storey)  can reconstruct line shape

Event reconstruction Pattern recognition : significant in background noise hits from 40 K and bioluminescence ( typically 70 kHz 30% occupancy in 4µs window) Original algorithm: optimal association of hits Online algorithm: robust association of hits A number of reconstruction algorithms under development

Coincidence rates between adjacent PMTs Time difference (ns) Main contribution: 40K decays

Data Atmospheric Neutrino Monte Carlo Atmospheric Muon Monte Carlo Reconstructed events with 5 line data Multi line fit Single line fit 78 neutrinos 36 neutrinos Data: June 2007 – Dec 2007 : 100 active days Original reconstruction algorithm 75 neutrinos Data: Feb 2007 – Dec 2007 : 140 active days

Line position measurements

Time Calibration Optical fibres Laser On shore laser system In sea LED beacon system LED beacon RMS 0.74ns RMS 0.60ns

Amplitude Calibration Before calibrationAfter calibration Example 1: Threshold value in photo electron equivalent unitsExample 2: Counting rate on single photomultiplier

Instrumentation. Complementary Oceanography  Pressure sensor: Gives the depth of each line bottom Gives the depth of each line bottom Precision: ±0.01 bar (~ 0.1 m)Precision: ±0.01 bar (~ 0.1 m)  CTD probe : Conductivity, temperature, depth used to compute sound velocity Conductivity, temperature, depth used to compute sound velocity Precisions : (±0.01mS/cm, ±0.01 °C, ±0.01 bar)Precisions : (±0.01mS/cm, ±0.01 °C, ±0.01 bar)  Sound Velocimeter: direct measurement of sound velocity on a 20 cm basis direct measurement of sound velocity on a 20 cm basis Precision: ±0.05 m/sPrecision: ±0.05 m/s  Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP): measurement of the sea current velocity measurement of the sea current velocity Precision: ± 1 cm/sPrecision: ± 1 cm/s Sound velocity (m/s)

Autonomous Transponder Line 1 hydro phones Measurement of PMT positions  acoustic measurements + use of compasses&tiltmeters

Coincidence rates between adjacent PMTs Time difference (ns) Main contribution: 40K decays

Coincidence rates in the lines Time difference (ns) Main contribution: 40K decays But also atm. Muons !!! Analysis by D. Zaborov (ITEP)

Extracting muon rate Main contribution: 40K decays - But also atm. Muons !!! Analysis by D. Zaborov ~ 3400 m~ 3050 m Very preliminary

Line Deployment Various prototype lines 2006 Lines 1, Lines 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Lines 11, 12

L11 L9 L10 L12 L8 L6 L4 L2 L3 L5 L1 IL07 seismometer 100 m N Junction box Submarine cable to shore L7 Detector on seabed Junction Box Line bases Line storeys